Voltage

The field experiment conducted by Hofling et al (1966) which produced surprising results of nurses complying and obeying the orders of doctors to the extent of violating protocol by giving more than acceptable doses of medication provides evidence to the extent at which obedience and submitting to higher authority works in our society. Obedience can be defined as compliance with an order, request or submitting to a higher authority. There are certain conditions that should exist for obedience to…

Stanley Milgram conducted the obedience to authority studies. Milgram’s desire came from wanting to investigate how easily people would do great harm to other people simply by being ordered to. Milgram’s theoretical basis was that “humans have a tendency to obey other people who are in a position of authority over them.” He proposed that people would even obey if the situation calls for a violation of their own morals and ethical behavior. One way the people in Milgram’s experiments were…

acetylcholine receptors.( source) Finally, we wanted to discover whether neuronal input was needed to elicit muscle activity by directly stimulating the gastocnemius with an electrode. In this experiment, we hypothesized that increasing stimulus voltage would lead to greater number of motor units being activated which in turn will increase the number of motor units recruited. A motor unit is a single motor neuron and all the muscle fibers it innervates. Therefore, we should see an increased…

The book “Ordinary Men” describes the Police Batallion, a subset of the Order Police, who directly participated in the massacre of Jewish civilians in Poland of 1942. The author of “Ordinary Men”, Christopher Browning analyzes the testimonies made by the members of the Batallion in the 1960s, and tries to understand how any sane man was capable of performing the horrible deeds committed by these ordinary men. Browning takes a psychological standpoint in analyzing the motivation behind these…

generated and the probability of Na+ channels to be open will increase. The charge inside the cell becomes more positive. Once above the threshold, Na+ current is greater and stronger than K+ current, causing the depolarization, which opens more voltage-gated ion channels…

desegmented into two halves. Juice was then extracted using juice press. It was filtered for removing the seeds and the fiber to obtain a clear juice of uniform consistency .After that it was transferred to the ohmic heater for processing at different voltage gradients. After treatment samples were quickly transferred to an ice tray for cooling and later on juices were stored in refrigerator for further analysis. Fresh juice was prepared for each experimental run. 3.3.2 THERMAL PROCESSING OF…

America has become increasingly dependent on electricity. The fragility of electronics and increasing threats worldwide has led to the subject of this paper. How vulnerable is America to Electromagnetic pulse (EMP) attack? What would most likely happen in such an event? What steps can be taken to prepare for an EMP attack? Research shows that Electromagnetic propagation is the silent threat that is not be focused on. The current power grid of the United States is unequipped to handle a large…

knob of an axon connects with a skeletal muscle fiber to form the neuromuscular junction. The synaptic knob has numerous synaptic vesicles that are filled with the neurotransmitter acetylcholine. The synaptic knob also contains calcium pumps and voltage-gated calcium channels. The calcium pumps within the synaptic…

at the relationship between pain and learning. In front of the teacher sat a box that had written voltages from 14 to 450. The teacher was assigned to read the student a list of words, and the student was to repeat the first word read to them. If the student got the word wrong, hesitated, or did not give an answer, it was the signal for the teacher to shock the student. After every shock they voltage would increase on the next wrong, hesitant, or silent…

delivers the shock, a higher increase of obedience is shown. The main pinpoint learned from this procedure also is that when the participants were allowed to choose the shock they please to punish the learner they wouldn’t submit shocks higher than 45 voltage. Many criticized his experiment that the participant had a connection with the experimenter and also that the setting wasn’t a familiar one and that this type of obedience doesn’t have anything to do with the obedience that is shown in…