Viscosity

Introduction: Energy loss is a problem that engineers face. It is caused by friction in pipes which is also called the friction head loss and that happens because of viscosity and pipe wall friction. Energy loss also happens due to local losses which occur at valves and sharp bends. Local losses are also known as minor losses because their effect is normally small in long pipelines. To understand the relationship between Reynold’s number and friction factor, the pipe friction experiment has been…

1. Materials and suppliers • Caffeine (anhydrous), BASF, Germany, was generously donated by Dar Al Dawa Development and Investment Company. Caffeine is 1,3,7-trimethyl-3,7-dihydro-1H-purine-2,6-dione. It is white or almost white, crystalline powder or silky crystals. It is sparingly soluble in water, freely soluble in boiling water and slightly soluble in ethanol. It is used as central nervous system stimulant (British Pharmacopoeia 2009). • Methyl paraben was generously donated by Arab…

Within a little over two millenniums, the history of the atomic theory changed multiple times. In the very beginning, Democritus was the very first to propose the existence of the particle (H). The name he would give this particle was atomos. Aristotle believed that each element of the earth; water, air, fire, and earth, would gradually become small every time they were halved. This view held up for about 2,000 years. The next major change within the scientific field that concerned atoms was…

Introduction Aspergillus is a saprophytic ubiquitous fungi genus, which includes more than 200 species. This genus have positive and negative impact to human being. Some species of Aspergillus have pharmaceutical applications, but at same time, this genus could be pathogen of respiratory diseases, and also it could synthesys potent carcinogens. The most pathogenic specie of Aspergillus for human is A. fumigatus, which causes a wide range of sickness, depending to the immunological system of…

biodiesel blend is below 50%. Although today in some countries this method is active, direct use of vegetable oils and/or the use of blends of the oils has generally been considered to be not satisfactory and practical for diesel engines. The high viscosity and acid composition are the main reason why we do not use this…

Emulsifiers are food additives that stabilize processed foods. One quote describing how emulsifiers are used in chocolate is “Lecithin, an emulsifier derived from the soybean, is also added; this establishes the precise viscosity necessary for proper flow in molding and coating” (Musser). Viscosity means that something is thick and has a semifluid consistency. The quote is describing how one emulsifier is used to make chocolate semifluid so that it will mold easily. Another quote describing the…

A little knowledge about hair: Hair grows from hair follicles, which are embedded below the skin on your scalp. The root of the hair is the part that comes through the scalp. Anything that comes after the root of the hair are the hair strands. The bottom of the root in the hair follicle is known as the hair bulb. The bulb is where nutrients get absorbed and form new hair. As hair is pushed up through the hair follicle and towards the surface of your scalp, it is known as keratinization. Keratin…

muscle (VII). The food is mixed with salvia and masticated with the teeth, so it can pass through the esophagus for digestion. Sensory recognition is critical at this stage and the movement and timing patterns in this phase varies depending on the viscosity. The salvia and food has now created a bolus in which lateral movements of the tongue and mandible are made. Furthermore, the soft palate has a passive role in the oral preparatory phase. The pharynx and larynx are at rest during oral…

formwork under an action of its self weight. Slump flow test is performed to check flow ability of concrete. 2. Viscosity: It is the property of concrete to resist flow at a glance when it started. Low viscosity concrete will flow quickly but for a short duration while high viscosity concrete will flow slowly but for longer duration. V-Funnel test is conducted to find its viscosity. 3. Passing ability: It is the property of fresh concrete to pass through congested reinforcement assemblies…

its use in a practical sense The DMA is used to determine the modulus values of the resin to associated temperatures and frequencies. The state of viscosity of the resin is also monitored through the evaluation of tan delta values. Gel-point of a resin implies that resin matrix has transformed into an elastic gel state and can no longer flow. The viscosity shows a sudden rise to extremely high values. The time at which this state is detected marks the onset of gelation of the resin. Gel-point…