Virus

have begun to explore such an option. One of the first viruses to be used in such manner is an engineered herpes virus, capable of provoking an immune response against cancer. Since this discovery the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has approved a genetically engineered virus known as talimonogene laherparepvec, or T-VEC for short. This cancer fighting virus, known as an oncolytic virus, is approved to treat patients suffering from melanoma, a skin based cancer. Since the 1800s physicians…

Virus Taxonomy Order: Unassigned Family: Bunyaviridae Genus: Phlebovirus Species: Toscana virus talk.ictvonline.org Structure and genome The toscana virus (TOSV) is a negative-single stranded RNA virus, it is spherical in shape, it has an enveloped surrounding its capsid, and it has a diameter of 80–120 nm. Its genome is partitioned into three segments, termed (large)L, (medium)M and (small)S. With L about 6,400 nucleotides in length, M about 4,200 nucleotides in…

The study of influenza virus evolution is not new. In fact, humans have been studying influenza viruses since the beginning of the 18th century. Three types of influenza viruses exist: A, B and C. Influenza B is a strain of influenza virus with the ability to cause severe epidemics. Although influenza A and B have similar structure, genome organization, and epidemiology, they have several important differences which imply that their evolutionary dynamics differ. Unlike influenza A viruses,…

Genital herpes simplex virus 2 is a global medical problem with significant physical and psychological morbidities. This review is aimed toward health professionals who are involved with patients with genital herpes since medical management is often unsatisfactory. The standard therapy for management of genital herpes infections include acyclovir, valacyclovir, and famcyclovir. Alternate methods for those who are adverse to these drugs are discussed. Results shows standard therapy is preferred…

Zika Virus Virus Virus is an infection that causes diverse of effects in the immune system and other segments of the body. The virus also can duplicate in the living cells of hosts. An infection molecule is only a piece of DNA in a defensive coat. The infection interacts with a cell, connects itself to the cell divider and infuses its DNA (and maybe a couple of compounds) into the cell. The DNA utilizes the apparatus inside the living cell to duplicate new infection particles. In the end the…

Henipavirus or the common name The Hendra Virus was first identified in Australia in 1994 at a racing stable in the Brisbane suburb of Hendra, The Virus originated in Malaysia. The disease is very similar to Nipah Virus which also originating from flying foxes in Malaysia. Signs and symptoms Signs in a human: Symptoms usually develop between 5 to 21 days after contact with an infected horse. These symptoms may include fever,cough,sore throat,headache and tiredness, these are the common…

caused by the Variola virus. This report explores the taxonomic classification, “life cycle”, and mechanism of replication of this pathogen, as well as discusses the virulence and treatment options for an infected human host. This member of the Orthopoxvirus genus is extremely virulent, and has a fatality rate of nearly 30%. While this virus only attacks a human host, similar members of the Voxviridae family produce similar infections in animals. Transmission of the variola virus requires…

The Influenza virus has genetic material inside the nucleus in order for the the virus to duplicate and make more copies that can infect humans or animals. There are spikes of protein molecules on the outer shell of the envelope that attack other cells with the virus. The ‘H spikes’ are used to infect other cells whereas the ‘N spikes’ are used to break away from the infected cells once copies are made to infect more cells. These “spikes” are known as protein molecules, hemagglutinin and…

THE DISEASE: The influenza virus is often referred to as the flu. It is an acute respiratory disease, which if left untreated, can worsen and lead into influenza pneumonia, a much more serious disease that often leads to hospitalization or death. Other complications from the flu are bronchitis, sinus and ear infections ("Flu Symptoms & Severity", 2015). There are types of the influenza virus: influenza A and influenza B, and there are many strains within each type. While the respiratory system…

viruses [2, 5]. About half of these children did not have any known medical conditions. Therefore, IB may contribute to a higher attack rate among children and adolescents, than among adults, and infections may be more severe [1, 4, 5]. An influenza virus infection typically presents as general malaise with fever, headache, cough, rhinorrhea; most cases manifest as a mild upper respiratory infection or a primary viral pneumonia/pneumonitis. Clinically, infections by the influenza viruses or…