Vertebral artery

On a physical exam palpitations are a common symptom of AF often described as a rapid “fluttering in the chest,” with irregular “fluttering” that suggests AF, atrial flutter, or tachycardia with variable block.11 In patients with chronic atrial fibrillation, in-office exercise such as a brisk walk in the hallway may reveal an intermittent accelerated ventricular response as the cause of the palpitations.11 The clinician should look for signs of hyperthyroidism, or signs of stimulant drug use…

Migraines are a type of headache that is known as a "pounding" inside of your head. It has been proven that women who suffer from migraines have an increased risk on developing a cardiovascular disease later in life. Around one in five women suffer from migraines everyday, the pain varies on the person. However, if you are one of these people that experience migraines you are 39% higher to experience a heart attack. You are also 62% higher to have a stroke and 73% higher to have angina. Angina…

Introduction: Computed tomographic angiography (CTA) is recommended as a non-invasive test to determine the presence and severity of coronary artery disease (CAD). Aim of this study was to assess the accuracy of 256 slice CTA compared with invasive catheter angiography(ICA) in the diagnosis of significant CAD. Methodology: A prospective observational study in patients suspected of having CAD and undergoing both CTA and ICA for evaluation. Patients with coronary stents or surgical grafts were…

(2) Accelerated idioventricular rhythm An accelerated idioventricular rhythm is seen in as many as 20% of patients who have an AMI. This pattern is defined as a ventricular rhythm characterized by a wide QRS complex with a regular escape rate faster than the atrial rate, but less than 100 bpm. AV dissociation is frequent. Slow, nonconducted P waves are seen; these are unrelated to the fast, wide QRS rhythm. Most episodes are short and terminate spontaneously. They occur with equal frequency in…

and heart strain/chest pain which are some of the consequences of meth use. The reason for these symptoms is because meth is a powerful stimulant that can will speed up the heart while constricting blood vessels. The constriction of our patient’s arteries and veins resulted in intolerable chest pain and pressure. Vital signs such as temperature, pulse rate, blood pressure, and respiration rate were collected with the lab data. As for our patient, his heart rate and blood pressure where higher…

Even though complications of fistula access are far less than a graft or a catheter, they do occur and need to be addressed. Complications occur in approximately one-third of fistulas and include: aneurysms, infection, stenosis, thrombosis, steal syndrome and heart failure. These complications have historically been classified as early and late failure. The etiology of both early and late are somewhat similar because if the cause is not diagnosed early on it may progress and lead to late access…

Fetal Circulatory Routes Fetal circulation is the circulatory system of a fetus. This is also connected to the mother’s circulatory system. The mother’s body will do all the work that baby’s lungs will do once it is born. This circulation includes the umbilical cord and the blood vessels that are within the mother’s placenta. This carries the fetal blood. When the blood travels through the placenta it will pick up oxygen and become red. The blood will first go through the placenta, by then…

The mitral valve is a valve that allows blood flow from one chamber of the heart, the left atrium, to another called the left ventricle. In mitral valve prolapse, the valve slips backward due to the abnormal size of or damage to the mitral valve tissues. Mitral valve prolapse is a common cause of a heart murmur caused by a "leaky" heart valve. For most people with mitral valve prolapse, the cause is unknown. It can be caused by conditions in which cartilage is abnormal (connective tissue…

The patient has a sitting posture with a posterior pelvic tilt. He has an excessive thoracic kyphosis in sitting and no lumbar lordosis. He sits with his knee extended on the left side, and his ankles inverted with weight resting on the distal to the lateral malleolus on his right foot. On the left foot, his weight is distributed mainly on his calcaneus. The standing posture consisted of a forward head posture with an increased thoracic kyphosis. The patient spent most of his time on the…

Atrial Fibrillation is the most common type of arrhythmia. An arrhythmia is an irregular heart rhythm, where the heart beats too fast or too slow. In order to understand what Atrial Fibrillation is it is best to understand the hearts internal electrical system. The hearts internal electrical system controls the rate and rhythm of the heartbeat. With each heartbeat an electrical signal spreads from the top of the heart to the bottom. As the signal travels, it causes the heart to contract and pump…