Ventricular system

The mock circulatory loop is a representation of the cardiovascular circulatory system as bench top system (In Vitro). The Mock Circulatory Loop (MCL) gives the designers of medical devices, a platform to test their devices in a flow loop system with specifications similar to that of a human cardiovascular system. Various designers of mock circulatory loops have come with their designs of the mock circulatory flow loop that represents the cardio…

The Cardiovascular System is composed of the heart and the blood vessels. The main function of the cardiovascular system is to pump blood around the body. The cardiovascular System is divided into two parts, the systematic circuit and the pulmonary circuit. The systematic circuit contains oxygenated blood and the pulmonary blood contains deoxygenated blood. In order to prevent oxygenated and deoxygenated blood from mixing there is a structure called an interventricular septum. The septum…

Fundamentals of a Roof Warranty Learn the basics of roof warranties and what homeowners should know before they buy. Roofing contractors and roofing material manufacturers both offer a variety of warranties designed to protect their customers from incurring excessive costs in the event of roof damage. However, it is essential for homeowners to understand a few basics about warranties, including what they are and are not, why reading the fine print is important, and how a warranty can benefit…

pressure is the aortic compliance and also the stroke volume. The aortic compliance is the ability of the aorta to expand once the blood is ejected to the aorta by the ventricle. The more compliant the aorta, the smaller the pressure change during the ventricular ejection/contraction/systole. Therefore, the smaller the pulse pressure. The wide or high pulse pressure is having a risk of heart disease. The person that having an elevated pulse pressure must seeks for a medical treatment. Among the…

oligodendrocytes. Several studies showed that there is an involvement of the glia cells in the pathogenesis of neurodevelopmental disorders, but in this paper the focus lays on the microglia cells (10). The microglia act as the macrophages of the central nervous system (CNS) (11). Recent studies showed that the microglia play a key role in the process of brain development. They contribute to the control of pattering and wiring in the development of the CNS. Pardo et al. and Morgan et al. showed…

Acute pulmonary embolism (PE) is a common diagnosis throughout the world. In the US it affects approximately 1 in 1000 people and ranks as the 3rd most common cause of death in hospitalized patients. More than 80% of PEs are associated with DVTs in hospitalized patients with risk factors being recent trauma, surgery, immobility or obesity. While it can be entirely asymptomatic, nearly 25% of patients are thought to experience sudden death as their only manifestation of disease.1 Because of this…

blood around the body, beating a total of 60-80 times per minute at a normal pace. It is a highly efficient organ and constantly works to keep our blood circulation going and ourselves alive. The high efficiency of the heart pumping system originates in a conductive system, which is linked to the Sinoatrial (S-A) and Atrioventricular (A-V) node. The Sinoatrial node, also known as the natural cardiac pacemaker, is located in the upper part of the right atrium and initiates the contractions of…

brain at 19 post-conceptual weeks. “Glutamatergic neurons originate in the pallial ventricular zone/subventricular zone (blue), with some tangential migration within the SVZ/VZ, but a dominant pattern of radial migration along radial glial fascicles in a plane perpendicular to the orientation of the cortical plate (radial pathways: blue arrows). GABA-ergic neurons in the human brain originate from both pallial ventricular zone/subventricular zone (blue) and subpallial ganglionic eminence…

and neonatal care, they can suffer from complications including peri-intraventricular hemorrhage (PIVH). PIVH arise from destruction of the highly vascular neural and glial precursor cells in the germinal matrix leading to hemorrhage into the ventricular system. The incidence of PIVH among infants with birth weight of less than 1500g is 15-20%2,3 rising to approximately 50% in those with birthweight less than 750g. PIVH predisposes affected infants to lifelong neurological sequels such as…

The human heart contains a specialized conduction system through which it can create and transmit electrical impulses without any external neural input. The main components of the conduction system of the heart include the SA node, AV node, Bundle of His and the Purkinje fibers. The sinoatrial node (also known as SA node) is a natural pacemaker and is responsible for depolarization of the right and left atrium. This produces a P wave on the EKG reading which is normally 0.1 second and its normal…