Ventricle

ventricular mass as well as impaired cardiac compliance. This reduces the upright stroke volume and the intolerance to orthostatic (Gielen et al., 2010). The converse is true for individuals who do not exercise regularly. This maintains the normal left ventricle contractile function through prevention of cardiac pathologies that are associated with ageing (Fleg & Strait, 2012). Regular exercise also results into cardiac adaptation thus the athlete’s heart; a physiological cardiac hypertrophy…

tricuspid valve and into the right ventricle. When the right ventricle contracts the blood passes the pulmonary semilunar valve, into the pulmonary artery, and the blood is going to the lungs. The blood goes through a process in the lungs and the blood become oxygenated. The oxygenated blood is returned to the heart from the pulmonary vein and goes into the left atrium. When that atrium contracts the blood asses the mitral (bicuspid) valve and goes to the left ventricle. The left…

increase in exercise. The cardiovascular responses that should have occurred after 8 weeks of exercise, would include, an increase in size of the left ventricle, increase in stroke volume, increased cardiac output, increase in contractility, and an increase in blood flow to myocardium. The muscular walls of the heart thicken especially in the left ventricle, which leads to a more powerful contraction. The increased thickness of the walls of the heart also increases contractility, which causes an…

lungs and the skin and enters the left atrium. This area is the primary gas exchange site in most amphibians. Both atria dump into the single ventricle. The ventricle is divided into two narrowly separated chambers, which reduces the mixing of the two types of bloods. When the ventricle contracts, it sends oxygenated blood to the brain from the left ventricle and then reaches the head through arteries. The skin and lungs receives pure blood from the right atrium. The skin and the lungs, oxygen…

Second degree heart block Second degree heart block is when "electrical signals between the atria and ventricles are slowed to a large degree, some signals don’t reach the ventricles" (Nihgov, 2016). This can be seen in a pattern or it may be random, it can also come and go, this is known as a "dropped heartbeat." There are two categories in second degree heart block, one is worse than the other and rarer. The more common type of second degree heart block is type I, also known as wenckebach's…

Reduced cardiac output from the left atrium and ventricle are termed Left-sided heart failure whereas right sided heart failure involves the right atrium or ventricle which occurs in isolation most commonly due to cor pulmonale in conditions such as COPD. Biventricular failure is when both sides of the heart have diminished output and may happen in patients who have left-sided heart failure to begin with or any pathology affecting both ventricles. Other types of heart failure include forward…

The prefix Hyper- means over or more, and the suffix -trophy means well-fed. Therefore, LVH is the thickening and/ or the enlargement of the left ventricle. Under normal conditions, the left ventricle of the heart is responsible for the big push that sends blood through the aorta and to the rest of the body (Sheir 2015, p.560). When the left ventricle becomes thickened, or enlarged it causes your heart to work harder. Therefore, putting your body under stress or tension. This can be caused, and…

by the decreasing number of gap junctions along the pathway of conduction which creates a resistance against the conduction of excitatory ions, i.e. Ca2+, from one fibre to another. This ensures that the atria completely empty the blood into the ventricles before ventricular contraction occurs. 3. A typical electrocardiogram (ECG) usually shows P, Q, R,…

the R wave is the first upward deflection after that. Anyone can easily recognize it on the electrocardiogram (ECG). That is because it is the largest one out of all the waveforms. The R wave corresponds to the depolarization of the left and right ventricles. It does not need the Q wave to be the first deflection at all. Also, note that there can be multiple R waves. Throughout the paper, it will discuss all the wave functions, specifically the R wave, any abnormalities and how every waveform…

the myocardium via the left and right coronary arteries. They are also responsible for bringing the myocardium the needed blood supply by branching off. Atrioventricular sulcus, otherwise known as the depression between the right and left ventricles and the atrias, carry the coronary arteries which enclose or surround the diameter of the heart.…