Ventilator-associated pneumonia

Pneumonia is caused by an inflammatory response to an organism such as streptococcus pneumoniae or escherichia coli. This inflammation occurs in the alveolar sacs and the alveoli are filled with fluid, neutrophils, and there is also an increase in mucus production.The inflammation of the alveolar sacs leads to a decrease in gas exchange which leads to hypoxia (Lewis, 2014). There are several types of pneumonia and they include: community-acquired, medical care-associated, aspiration, and…

ABSTRACT Introduction There are different types of pneumonia, whereby Hospital Acquired Pneumonia is one of them. It is a disease that is contracted in a hospital normally after 48 hours of admission. This is dangerous, normally bacterial, disease. What make the disease so dangerous is that the patients who contract the Hospital Acquired Pneumonia immune system are low as they are already critically ill. The germs in the hospital are also more dangerous than that in the community. Case…

Introduction / Purpose: Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) is the most common nosocomial infection in the intensive care unit (ICU). It caused prolonged hospital stay and increased mortality. In this study, we aimed to investigate the rate of VAP, causative microorganisms and their antibiotic susceptibilities. Materials and Method: This retrospective study included patients that admitted in 12-bed ICU between January 2013 and December 2014. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention criterias…

1. Pneumonia is a disease where lungs are affected by germs maybe virus, bacteria or fungus. 2. It spreads from one person to another by air droplets. When one affected person coughs, he releases droplets of infection in air and when another susceptible person comes in contact with these secreted droplets he catches the infection. 3. Some conditions make one individual more susceptible to these infections like extremes of age, diabetes, alcoholism, smoking, transplant patients, patients on…

What is Pneumonia? Pneumonia is a type of inflammation of the air sacs in the lungs. It can affect one or both of the lungs. Alveoli that are in the lungs may fill with some type of fluid, which can make it difficult to breathe. The most common causes of pneumonia are by viruses, bacteria or fungi. The most common bacteria type that causes pneumonia is Streptococcus Pneumonia. How is it Diagnosed? Pneumonia is diagnosed while taking different kinds of tests. Some of these tests are: Physical…

Introduction/Review of Literature Introduction Hospital acquired infections (HAI), also known as healthcare associated infections or nosocomial infections, are infections transmitted to patients while in a hospital or other healthcare facility. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2015), there were approximately 722,000 patients suffering from hospital acquired infections in the United States in 2011 of whom 75,000 suffered fatalities. Accordingly, hospital acquired…

Because they are in close proximity to other sick patients (often times with more severe illnesses) this leads to over 2 million healthcare-associated infections each year. 5% to 10% of patients are affected by this with an average of 8.7% patients. According to a study conducted by the Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), HAIs cause approximately 90,000 deaths each year. Why this…

leading to bacterial colonization of oropharynx (Hsin, Li & Chih, 2014). Furthermore, the potential pathogen will be introduced from the oral cavity, into the respiratory system through the endotracheal tube resulting in infection such as ventilator-associated…

growth. Whereas, the respiratory culture was obtained from tracheal aspiration and has positive test results with many WBC’s less than 25 squamous epithelial cells, moderate Gram-negative Rods, many Pseudomonas aeruginosa and moderate Klebsiella pneumonia which was resistant to Ampicillin.  CBG- Capillary blood gas results conclude that the patient has moderate hypoxemia and the acid-base status of this blood gas could be interpreted as compensated respiratory acidosis or compensated metabolic…

To identify a strategy for improving oral care so as to prevent VAP and to enhance quality of life of ICU patients. Introduction VAP is hospital-acquired pneumonia that develops in an intubated patient after 48 hours or more of mechanical ventilation, and that was not present before intubaton (Fields, 2008). The development of VAP is a concern and its prevention is essential because it is the most common nosocomial…