Ventilator-associated pneumonia

highly contagious,it attacks your respiratory system.With this flu you will have to be hospitalized or it can also lead to death.This flu is non discriminatory. The CDC says, “ Over a period of 31 seasons between 1976 and 2007, estimates of flu-associated deaths in the United States range from a low of about 3,000 to a high of about 49,000 people.”These are the people that most likely did not receive a flu shot.Flu season in the U.S starts in October and ends in May.The Flu Shot(vaccine)will…

Diphtheria is a serious infectious disease, which is tackle successfully in the developed world through vaccinations. Caused by the bacteria – Corynebacterium Diphtheriae, the disease continues to be a major risk in areas not covered well by immunization programs. India for instance reported 4071 cases in 2014, with 104 deaths. Altogether 7321 cases of Diphtheria were reported to the WHO in 2014. Diphtheria usually affects the mucous membrane of the nose and throat, leading to sore throat,…

I have caught up with Mario a months since his last appointment. During that time, I have obtained copies of previous lung function tests that actually reveal normal spirometry and gas transfer. Static lung volumes are essentially normal. Interestingly at the time of testing in October last year, oxygen saturation was reduced at 92-94%. I also note a stress echocardiogram from twelve months ago did not reveal any ischemic changes, whilst the HRCT report has made comment on some mild…

Cystic Fibrosis Throughout my examination of the current studies and information of individuals affected by Cystic Fibrosis, I have highlighted the importance of lung transplants needed for these patients especially if this is their only option left. They are given to patients depending on their position on the transplant list but bias remains that the lungs won’t be “put to good use” in Cystic Fibrosis patients. Research indicates that there’s a 67 percent survival rate with lung transplant…

What are the common symptoms associated with an exacerbation of COPD? Common symptoms associated with exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease are: Fatigue, barrel chested, difficulty breathing, nails clubbing, copious amounts of sputum that may have a change in color from clear to yellow, green or brown, waking up disorientated or with a headache, hypertrophied neck muscles (American Thoracic Society, 2014). According to Jarvis, Mary could also have, “purse-lipped breathing” (2016)…

Interventions to Maintain Oxygenation Jane, a four-year-old female and Mr. Stevens an 85-year-old male, have both been admitted to hospital with influenza A and a secondary bacterial infection. This essay will compare and contrast how to maintain adequate levels of oxygenation in both patients, particularly referencing their differing ages and development. Both Jane and Mr. Stevens are currently receiving oxygen via nasal prongs and both were previously receiving oxygen via a face mask. This…

Pneumonia Pneumonia is a type of respiratory infection that affects a person’s ability to breathe properly. It is a disease that progresses quickly if not treated properly. It has the potential to be fatal but patients usually make a full recovery. Pneumonia is an infection in one or both lungs. The infection may be caused by fungi, bacteria, or viruses. Pneumonia causes inflammation in your lung’s air sacs, also referred to as alveoli. The alveoli fill with fluid or pus, making it difficult to…

The patient is a 95-year-old gentleman who presents to the ED complaining of chest pain. The first episode was at 3 PM the day prior to admission, pressure-like described as left-sided, and pressure-like it resolved without intervention and then reoccurred again at 3 AM in the morning of presentation to the hospital. His chest pain had resolved prior to arriving in the ED. His medical history is significant for atrial fibrillation, congestive heart failure, hypertension and he has age related…

Aspiration is inhalation of foreign material below the vocal cords. In anesthesia practice, the inhalation of gastric content is rare 1 per 2000-3000 cases occurrence, however the consequences of the complication can be detrimental (Raghavendran, Nemzek, Napolitano, Knight, 2011). Presentation of the pulmonary aspiration ranges from silent aspiration, where the patient does not experience any symptoms, to the development of acute lung injury (ALI). The mortality rate after development of ALI…

Nasal congestion is caused by cold, flue or allergy or even due to dry air and air pollution. Suffering will be due to swelling of nasal membrane and too much mucus production inside the nose creating obstacles for draining mucus produced in sinus cavities. Difficulties in breathing easily with a feeling of hitch to draw in air into lungs make one bound to inhale air through mouth. This congestion also causes tremendous headache that increases the suffering. Staying in an air conditioned room…