Vein

Over the years, biologists have carried out experiments to explore the differences in animal hearts. With regards to this experiment at hand, the differences were explored between mammalian and amphibian hearts. This experiment also helps us determine the effects of external, biological factors and pharmacological substances on the contraction of the heart. The following will serve as an overview of the structure and functioning of amphibian heart. A frog heart has three chambers (two atria and…

To diagnosis AS a transthoracic echocardiogram (TTE) is completed, with two dimensional doppler (2D). An Echocardiogram is a diagnostic study that uses ultrasound waves transmitted through a transducer using a conducting gel to create an image of the heart. Ultrasound waves are cyclic in nature and at a frequency that are not audible within the parameter of human hearing (Fridman, V., 2013). The transthoracic approach provides visualization of the heart and its structures. Throughout TTE the…

Cardiovascular Response: When exercising the muscles requires a constant supply of oxygen, it is the hearts job to make sure there is enough oxygen being pumped round the body for the muscles, the heart has to pump harder and faster as more oxygen is required to get round the body to the muscles in use otherwise they will fatigue quicker. If this is repeated regularly, then over time the heart will become stronger as will become more used to the higher demands. At the start of exercise, the…

In the respiratory system you can found nose which is a pathway for air and this is where the oxygen get into the lung and carbon dioxide into the air .Pharynx also known as throat is an other way which air can also enter into the lungs through the mouth. Air also enters into the larynx also known as voice box. It have two main functions as it is a passageway for air to enter into the lungs and a source of vocalization. The epiglottis is a tissue a flap-like cartilage structure contained in…

Clear! The physics behind the electrical life savers, defibrillators “Defibrillation has become an integral part of the emergency response routine. In fact, the American Heart Association considers defibrillation a basic life support skill for paramedics and rescue workers.” (DIRECT QUOTE) The human heart is arguably the most vital organ of the human body, as its coordinated and controlled two-part pumping is necessary to supply blood to the entire body. This supply rate is regulated by the…

Arterial color duplex study was performed for bilateral lower limbs which revealed mild atherosclerosis of the arteries without narrowing or blockage, no aneurysms in the popliteal arteries and confirmed the presence of a right DPA aneurysm with a small mural thrombus. Right foot toes pressure measurement showed normal readings (Fig.2). Surgical exploration was carried out under ankle block. A longitudinal skin incision was made directly over the aneurysm. Sharp dissection through fascia…

Syncope is sufficient blood flow to the brain which causes loss of consciousness which also causes fainting. It often happens in patients with hypotension which comes from the heart not pumping enough oxygen. Some of the causes of syncope is dehydration, heavy sweating, pooling of blood in the legs, exhaustion, disorder occur with exercise and with palpations or irregularities of the heart also with family history of recurrent syncope or sudden death. Risk factors are usually being…

Pulmonary Atresia is a very serious type of congenital heart condition. There are actually two main characteristics: 1) The pulmonary valve, which allows the blood to flow from the heart to the lungs, is completely blocked. 2) There is a large hole- ventricular septal defect- between the two main pumping chambers in the heart. You see, in a normal heart, the blood passes the pulmonary artery to the lungs to collect oxygen. With people who have pulmonary atresia, the blood can’t pass through…

are called veins. They constitute a system called venous system. Venous system of frog can be studied under too heading A) Systemic Venous System This system includes the three large veins, which receives the deoxygenated blood from all the parts of the body and collect to the sinus venous. The three veins are- Right Precaval, Left precaval and Post cavals 1. Right and Left Precaval Vein: Each precaval is formed by the union of 3 veins External jugular vein - it is formed by the two veins. a.…

capillaries and Veins. All arteries (with the exception of pulmonary and umbilical arteries) transport Oxygenated blood away from the heart to the rest of the body. They branch off into smaller structures named arterioles which lead to the Capillaries. In the capillaries the blood exchanges materials (e.g. o2 and CO2) with the tissue fluid of neighbouring cell. Afterwards the deoxygenated blood travels out of the capillary network, through the venules (smaller veins) and to the veins. The veins…