Vatican City

Research Paper: Second Vatican Council The Second Vatican Council began in 1962, and convened in 1965. In those brief three years, some of the Catholic Church’s long held traditions either changed or went away. For some it was the ushering in of the new era of a modern Catholicism. For others, it signaled the destruction of centuries of traditions, and the devaluation of some of the most sacred rituals. It is true that the heart of Catholic teachings were untouched, and that the beliefs that are…

the Second Vatican Council in January of 1959. This came to a suprise for many as they believed that Ecumenical Council was an outdated method for change. However, Pope John XXIII believed this would be an effective way to make doctrinal changes. This Council brought about many changes to the Mass that were significant. Four changes that were momentous were the language change, the readings change, singing during Mass, and fasting times. Before the Second Vatican Council, or Vatican II, the…

The Fulfillment model gained popularity after the second Vatican Council and characterizes many Christian faiths. The fulfillment model recognizes other religions unlike the Replacement Model. It views other religions as true in some sort of way but there is still a religion that is most true, in this case it would…

religions. This paved the way to the formation of other universities creating a similar program since they were so successful. In 1961, Monsignor Oesterreicher was invited to make a preparatory statement at the Second Vatican Council. Sister Rose Thering’s PhD thesis was used in the Second Vatican Council in 1965 which is a tremendous achievement for women and a step toward the acceptance of Judaism. Sister Rose Thering has inspired me to question and go against traditional views when one feels…

room for changing interest. In response to these internal issues the Church presented the idea of the Second Vatican Council with the aim to ‘throw open the windows of the catholic church so that we can see out and the people can see in’ (Pope John XXIII, 1962). The process and structure the church followed during the council was exceedingly inclusive and successful. The process of Vatican…

The Second Vatican Council It is not an overstatement to say that the Catholic Church has changed more in the twenty-five years since the Second Vatican Council than it had in the previous two hundred (Komonchak). Pope John XXIII announced the creation of this council, also referred to as Vatican II, in January 1959, much to the surprise of the awaiting world. There had not been an ecumenical council — an assembly of Roman Catholic religious leaders meant to settle doctrinal issues — in…

My choice for my second paper was the ecclesiology of Vatican II and the book you assigned me was Rediscovering Vatican II: The Church in the Making by Richard R. Gaillardetz. At the publishing of the book it had been forty years since the close of Vatican II and the publisher thought it would be a great idea to publish books that make the teachings of the sixteen documents more accessible to Catholics. This book focuses on three of the documents, you could say one major, Lumen Gentium, and two…

In 1979, a group of catholic bishops stated in a letter to the congregation that “Racism is an evil which endures in our society and in our Church. Despite apparent advances and even significant changes in the last two decades, the reality of racism remains. In large part, it is only external appearances which have changed.” This quote references the apparent problem that still exists in the U.S. despite “external changes.” Many external changes have been only ceremonial with many forms of…

Environmental education exists in a multitude of forms. Some argue that any interaction with nature is environmental education, some would say that is not enough, that environmental education must be facilitated. Regardless of these opinions, environmental education is critical to the education all types of children. It is especially important for children living in urban settings to gain better understandings of their roles in the environment. It is vital that children understand that they are…

to argue that a city is necessary because humans need to rely on one another in order to accomplish tasks. Socrates begins his argument when he states, “So if you approve, why don’t we start by finding out what sort of thing it is in cities? After that we can make a similar inquiry into the individual, trying to find the likeness of the larger version in the form the smaller takes” (line 369). He first proposes the dissection of a city. First, you must look for justice in the city, and once you…