Vasopressin

release of epinephrine and norepinephrine from the adrenal glands causing constriction of arteries to increase blood pressure. The activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone cycle leads to the retention of sodium and water, release of arginine vasopressin and endothelin (increases BP by vasoconstriction, afterload, and heart rate), and the release of cytokines that leads to ventricular remodeling by hypertrophy of the heart and dilation of the ventricles and decreased…

only caused due to overconsumption of sugar or glucose. This is where the concept of classifying diabetes into 2 types (type 1 and type 2) came into existence. The causes behind the occurrence of type 1 diabetes has been cited as dysfunction of Vasopressin, while type 2 diabetes emerged as a disorder,…

sports drinks than water. Drinking excessive amounts of water can actually cause the consumer to lose fluid. “Drinking a lot of water sends the signal to the kidney that there's some excess fluid in the blood and blocks the anti-diuretic hormone (vasopressin) which would help you hold on to water resulting in signalling you to urinate." says…

1. A 35-year-old male has come to see you because he is urinating, by his estimate, about 8L/day. He is constantly thirsty and drinks as much cold water as he can every day. His sleep is disrupted because of the need to urinate throughout the night. During your assessment, you learn he had several concussions playing college sports. He was recently involved in a car accident in which the airbag deployed and knocked him out. You test his urine and the specific gravity is 1.002. Stat labs reveal…

The hypothalamus in located in the brain. It is responsible for regulating body temperature, some metabolic processes and it is the main part that controls the autonomic nervous system. The hypothalamus is also in control of the production of many vital hormones that play a major role in maintaining the right standards for your body and chemical substances that help control different cells and organs. The hormones released from the hypothalamus control physiologic purposes, such as sleep, mood…

Average of every adulthood begins from the base of a campus. Romantic relationships begin at every campuses doorstep. Romance in campus is no strange in the life of a student who is studying at the universities whether public or private institutions. It has become a trend for students in the campus environment not to run away from love in campus. But even then, romance in campus brings negative effects to students through it. During adolescence, teens become interested and involved in dating…

“And now these three remain: faith, hope, and love. And the greatest of these is love.” This biblical verse from the book of Corinthians implies that love is an everlasting essence to humanity and without it, life would have no meaning. Love is a natural human behavior that has been around since the beginning of the species. It is the warm, bubbly feeling of butterflies in the stomach, the sweaty hands, the flushed cheeks, and the racing heartbeat. Love is a universal symbol that puts one in an…

The paraventricular nucleus (PVN) in the hypothalamus contains parvocellular neurons synthesizes corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) and arginine vasopressin (AVP) which will stimulate the anterior pituitary to synthesize and release adrenocorticotropin hormone (ACTH) (Plotsky et al., 1993). Adrenocorticotropin hormones will stimulate the adrenal cortex to secrete cortisol. Charmandari et al (2003)…

Is Oxytocin a potential treatment for social deficits in Autism Spectrum Disorders? A principal feature of autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) is a deficit in social interaction and empathy. In animal and in (some human) studies, oxytocin administered as an intranasal spray has demonstrated improved social interactions (1-4). Past and current studies have provided some genetic evidence that suggests oxytocin pathways in the brain might be deficient in patients with ASDs, although conflicting…

Nicotine). This might be an uncomfortable concept to grasp for new users or for people that are looking to get into smoking or vaping. Nicotine stimulates the release of chemicals such as norepinephrine, serotonin, epinephrine, acetylcholine, arginine vasopressin, beta-endorphin, and dopamine (Effects of Nicotine). Not all of these chemicals are bad in fact most of them are good. The release of acetylcholine improves one’s memory and concentration, norepinephrine contributes to improved…