Varicella zoster virus

Seasonal influenza is a common cause of lower respiratory tract infections that annually effect a large portion of the population. These infections typically range from mild to moderate in severity, however life-threatening cases can occur. Frequently, complications associated with influenza infections are due to secondary bacterial pneumonia predominately caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae or Staphylococcus aureus (Rynda-Apple, Robinson, & Alcorn, 2015). Many efforts to resolve this pathology…

Macrophage responses to foreign material may be size and geometry dependent. Macrophages are master phagocytic cells which scour the body for foreign materials that they phagocytize and destroy. Naturally, macrophages can effectively phagocytize materials which are less than 10 μm. When material size increases (10-100 μm) single macrophages can no longer phagocytize them, instead a giant multinucleated cell called a foreign body giant cell is formed from the fusion of several macrophages in an…

Gene therapy held many possible promises when found in the beginning of the 1990’s. “Gene therapy was the answer to what ailed us” (The Gene Hunters). Gene therapy is defined as, “The application of genetic engineering to the transplantation of gene into human cells in order to cure a disease caused by a genetic defect, as a missing enzyme” (Dictionary.com, 2005). This special field of medicine still holds promise for treating some types of genetic diseases, instead of just discovering their…

been related to archaic cells. The article introduces the two sides on the ongoing debate on whether viruses are alive is outlined with a short description of what viruses are. Viruses are known to mutate fast. It changes its genes which affects the virus’ form and its identity. Viruses do this in multiple ways to continually expand its population and its diversity. Going in the direction of analyzing the genetic history of viruses would consume too much time and would spend too many expenses.…

mining company was destroying the trees. The bat flew into a slaughterhouse dropping the infected banana onto the floor that the pig consumed. The virus than found a viable host, the pig while the chef with bare hands stuffed the pigs mouth, he rubbed the virus onto his hands, passing it to Beth via hand shaking. Beth could have become ill with the virus from touching her face, food to mouth or rubbing her eyes from being “jet lagged.” The transmission agent; “Vehicle-borne transmission…

type of virus affecting one species of host. Therefore, a human virus cannot infect a feline and vice versa. The reasoning behind this limitation is that viruses use docking proteins to attach to surface receptors on host cells. Moreover, the cell membrane proteins attach to docking chemicals (Daempfle, 2016). In addition, viruses also utilized this docking system in order to attach to host cells. Obvious exceptions exist which include the rabies virus. For example, in the rabies…

Viruses are infective agents that are unable to support themselves and rely on other hosts for survival. Although they are not a living thing, viruses are able to infect humans, plants, bacterias etc. Depending on the type of virus, they target a specific organ or type of cells and inject their DNA or RNA in the cell to reorganize the genetic material of the cell. The cell then follows the new DNA instruction and produces more viral viruses. The adenoviridae, better known as adenoviruses, are a…

Bacteriophages are the viruses of bacteria. They are a sequence of genomes which rotate from one bacterium to the next encased by capsids which are protein shells, which kill the bacteria in the process. Bacteriophages are immensely important to evolution and ecology of bacteria. They have colossal impacts on the carbon cycle. Phages also contribute to biology's comprehension of life at a molecular level. In addition, bacteriophages were essential to the evolution of genetic engineering. Phage…

Abdominal pain can be caused by many things. The causes may also change as your child gets older. Usually, abdominal pain is not serious and gets better with no treatment or by being treated at home. However, sometimes abdominal pain is serious. Your child’s health care provider will do a medical history and a physical exam to try to determine the cause of your child’s abdominal pain. HOME CARE INSTRUCTIONS • Give over-the-counter and prescription medicines only as told by your child’s health…

Perianal Dermatitis Dermatitis is redness, soreness, and swelling (inflammation) of the skin. Dermatitis that occurs around the anal opening is called perianal dermatitis. This condition can be passed from one person to another (contagious), depending on the cause. CAUSES Perianal dermatitis may be caused by a type of germ (bacteria) infection. Streptococci bacteria are the most common cause of this infection. These bacteria can be found in the throat where they can cause strep throat. These…