Vancomycin

Clostridium Difficile comes from the genus clostridium and forms gram positive rods that form anaerobic spores. Clostridium difficile (C. Diff) is better known as the etiological agent causing a condition called “Enterocolitis” (pseudomembranous enterocolitis) which is caused by a bacterium that inflames the colon. Pseudomembranous enterocolitis is an acute case of inflammation with a plaque like adhesion of necrotic debris and mucous adhered to the damaged superficial mucosa of the intestine.…

Antiseptics are used to treat and prevent infection on skin, but many antiseptic products use different active ingredients to kill or slow the growth of bacteria. Several commonly used antiseptics contain active ingredients include isopropyl alcohol, iodine, chlorohexidine gluconate, and hydrogen peroxide. The use for products with these ingredients also depends on the type of wound since certain active ingredients have different mechanisms for killing bacteria. However, a growing concern in…

the simplest of infections. The CDC estimates that 2 million Americans are infected with drug–resistant bacteria every year, of whom 23,000 do not survive (Antibiotic Resistance Threats, 2013) The greatest threats include Clostridium difficile, vancomycin–resistant Enterococcus, and drug–resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae. The world no longer produces new antimicrobial research at a sustainable rate, thus giving rise to the dominance of mutated organisms. The natural evolution of infectious…

summarized skills. Between 1940’s to 1950’s, human found Chlortetracycline，chloramphenicol，nystatin，erythromycin，and kanamycin in succession. In this decades, human entered antibiotic age that we began to apply antibiotic to clinical use widely. In 1956, Vancomycin was used for Gram-positive bacterial infection. Since 1980’s, quinolones developed sharply because it was seldom affected by the bacteria…

Methicillin was first developed in 1959 as an antibiotic against penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. This beta-lactam antibiotic inhibits the synthesis of bacterial cell walls and inhibits cross-linkage between the linear peptidoglycan polymer chains, essentials for the cell wall of Gram-positive bacteria. This antibiotic is a derivative and modification to the original beta-lactam antibiotic penicillin and is penicillinase-resistant, which is effective against S. aureus bacterium’s…

Staphylococcus aureus is a part of the family Staphylococcaceae. Staphylococcus aureus is a gram-positive coccus that forms in clusters. There are over 30 staphylococcus organisms but S. aureus causes the largest amount of staph infections. The staph infections can include; “skin infections, pneumonia, food poisoning, toxic shock syndrome, and blood poisoning (bacteremia)” (NIH). Staph infections can present in numerous manners including; pimples or boils. An individual can be a carrier of S.…

Introduction In this assignment, I be given 1 case study which is A 75 years old female patient was scheduled for a CT Abdomen with contrast media (CM) administration. There is no detail information on CM history, but the patient reported with lower limb swelling, high blood pressure and high protein in the urine. A recent test on BUN and creatinine level also was high. She is currently on a medication. Condition of patient Based on the sign and symptoms that be mention erlier this patient…

positive bacteria acquired resistance through the horizontal gene transfer of mec genes resulting in the expression of penicillin binding proteins, which were modified hindering the mechanism of action of conventional beta lactams [11]. Although vancomycin, a glycopeptide, and a number of other drugs maintain its action against methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus, there has been reports of emerging resistance [1]. The number of available treatments is gradually decreasing while there is…

Melissa Cavello came in for an appointment concerning a severe break out of acne covering her face and shoulders. Background information for her includes fourteen years old, no allergies, no previous diagnosis, vital signs were normal were within normal range, weight being 135lbs, and acne has become progressively worse over the past three months. Her history includes that she has visited multiple other doctors that have only ruled out any hormonally issues that may result in acne. The doctor…

Surgical procedures lead to contamination of previously sterile tissues or fluids, surgical prophylactic antimicrobial therapy (SAP) is an initial administration of short course of an antimicrobial agent before the surgery to prevent development of infection , SSI is 3rd most common nosocomial infection in US acute-care hospitals (14-16%),Complicates 5% of surgical cases overall, Increases hospital length of stay by approximately 10 days ,Increases readmissions to hospital ,Increases morbidity,…