Valvular heart disease

About the size of a large fist, heart is made up of cardiac muscle, myocardium, with skeletal muscle-like striations. It has two upper atria & two lower ventricles separated vertically by septum, and four main valves with which the blood makes its directional flow into and out of the heart. Deoxygentated blood with which the blood flows into and out of the organ. Deoxygenated blood enters through the venae cava fills the right atrium (RA) and right ventricle (RV) through the tricuspid valve.…

Pennsylvania, n.d.). The continuous pulse oximetry readings of the newborn will alert the RN of any circulatory issues that need immediate attention. Another benefit of performing continuous pulse oximetry on newborns is the early detection of congenital heart defects (Tin & Lal, 2015). The continuous monitoring allows the early detection of pulmonary atresia, tetralogy of Fallot, tricuspid atresia, anomalous pulmonary venous return (CDC, 2012). The early detection of the critical cardiac…

consideration of other conditions contributing to instability • Direct current cardioversion • Rate-controlling agents (calcium channel blockers, beta-blockers, amiodarone, digoxin) • Electrophysiology (EP) consultation Major Outcomes Considered • Heart rate control • Rhythm control • Mortality rate • Stroke rate • Bleeding rate Clinical Presentation Patients who present with the following signs and symptoms: irregular pulse, chest…

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is the second most common form of heart muscle disease and is the number one cause of sudden cardiac death in young athletes. It affects approximately one in 500 adults in the United States. HCM is a genetically determined heart muscle disease caused by more than 1400 mutations in 11 or more genes encoding proteins of the cardiac sarcomere (Maron & Maron, 2013). HCM is characterized by left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) of various morphologies with a wide…

Different Effect of Mitral Valve Prolapse History of the Disease One of the most common cardiac abnormalities in the United States is Mitral Valve Prolapse, also known as MVP, which affects about 2-6% of Americans. It is a disorder of the bicuspid valve, which causes backflow of blood from the left ventricle back into the left atrium (Sims & Miracle, 2007). MVP can also be identified as click-murmur syndrome, floppy mitral valve, and Barlow syndrome (Kornusky & Cabrera, 2014). In past studies,…

Rheumatic heart disease is when the heart is damaged. It’s often damage to the valves of the heart. Rheumatic heart disease is a result of having rheumatic fever. It’s commonly seen in children in many developing countries around the world. To begin with, Rheumatic fever causes a person to have rheumatic heart disease. Rheumatic fever affects the connective tissues of the body, mostly the connective tissues of the heart, brain and the joints of the body. Rheumatic fever is associated with having…

medical history was significant as she had series of health conditions. Firstly, she suffered poliomyelitis from childhood and developed arthritis. She is not hypertensive, diabetic or asthmatic. She is a known valvular heart disease patient diagnosed 10 years ago, has glaucoma, peptic ulcer disease and a breast cancer survival. She has had several surgeries in the past including knee replacement and gall bladder removal. She also had cardiac valve replacements in 2006 and 2009 respectively,…

Heart failure There are many ways to treat people diagnosed with heart failure: diuretics, nitrates, and change of diet. These treatments have been effective but it is important to explore other options. Many of these treatments achieve a relief in symptoms on patients with heart failures but what if we can treat these patients with fewer side effects or increase their survival rate? Understanding Heart Failure Before exploring some of the latest research it is important to understand what…

TERMINOLOGY CLINICAL CLARIFICATION 1 • Life-threatening condition characterized by the inability of the pulmonary system to meet the metabolic demands of the body with respect to oxygenation of the blood and systemic organs and/or CO2 elimination • May be accompanied by ventilatory failure 7 • Develops within minutes or hours as opposed to chronic respiratory failure that develops over several days, weeks or years CLASSIFICATION 2, 1 • Classification is mainly based on arterial blood gas (ABG)…

Preoperative evaluation Cardiac surgery, including coronary artery bypass grafting and surgery for valvular disease, represents one of the most common classes of surgical procedures performed worldwide. Advances in the percutaneous management of coronary artery disease as well as in cardiac surgical techniques have led to improved outcomes with consequent longer life expectancy for patients. Greater numbers of patients with depressed left ventricular function, multiple comorbidities, failed…