Value theory

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    The Frege-Geach embedding problem is a problem that challenges expressivism, asking how it could be that moral and descriptive terms have the same semantic properties in complex sentences, but have different meanings. Expressivist theories of moral discourse deny that moral judgments express truth-apt propositions that describe states of affairs in the natural world. Instead, expressivists claim that moral judgments are taken to express non-truth-apt, or non-cognitive, attitudes of approval or…

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    In a time when every aspect of life was questioned such as government, religion, and personal liberty, philosophers questioned one aspect that had no definite answer, and this was human nature. Thomas Hobbes theorizes that humans are born evil, and Jean-Jacques Rousseau argued that humans are naturally good. However, John Locke declared that humans are not innately good or evil. William Golding came back to the of innate human behavior during the 20th century when wrote the novel Lord of the…

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    There are many philosophers that study the meaning of ethics, and where it originates from. Ethics is the study of morality. Morality defines for us what is good and bad in our day-to-day lives. One of the most know philosophers on his theory of Theology is Aristotle. He believes that “morality is a matter of promoting the ultimate, intrinsic good.” Which means we do everything for the sake of happiness! In order to achieve morality, we have to line up our reason with virtue. By doing this, we…

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    The Flawed Labour Theory of Value “Value theory is the core of Ricardo’s economics, and consequently the core of classical economics” (Senga, 2017, p.198). Having orientated Ricardo’s writing in the context of his predecessors and contemporaries, this essay hopes to have now highlighted the extent to which Ricardian thought developed naturally in line with classical economics. We shall now move to address two divisive elements of Ricardian thought, which are claimed to constitute a detour;…

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    modern era with prices and value being very distinct, but the question arises, what determines the value of a good and why does the value of a good fluctuate as time passes? Thus came about the labour theory of value. “The labour theory of value can be stated simply as the principle that the source of the value added of the mass of commodities produced is the labour expended in producing them”(Foley,1986,P.14). Many economists made the attempt to explain their theories of value. Some thinkers…

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    representing many different attitudes towards morality. Given these circumstances, I witnessed from a young age a spectrum of moral values. In a single day I could witness my best friend be beaten for lying, my mother sew a coat for our elderly neighbor, and have my bike stolen from the front yard. Basically, I was afforded an opportunity to gather and build moral values from an extensive environment. I also had the luxury to come home and place these experiences within the context of my own…

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    Jordan Curnutt claims that utilitarian based arguments to defend vegetarianism are inadequate. He presents his own argument, NEW, for vegetarianism and exposes flaws in various attempts to override the prima facie duty of not harming animals. Utilitarian arguments can both favor and oppose vegetarianism. Several philosophers have insisted that utilitarian based arguments require that people eat meat because it improves the economy, helps people who work in the meat industry, and because people…

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    to prevent bad things from happening that would not result in a loss of something of equal moral value. Singer claims that should a person agree that one is morally obligated to save a drowning child with the cost of dirtying their clothes, they therefore must also agree to donate their surplus of money until they themselves are in poverty, because doing so would not risk anything of equal moral value. Contrary to Singer’s argument, one might still be able to agree with his main moral principle…

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    Bilbo Righteous Quotes

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    Righteous. What does it mean to be righteous? The definition of righteous is to be morally right or justifiable, but is that the only definition? How do we know if someone has the quality of righteousness? It all depends on one’s opinion of what they believe is righteous through their own morals and beliefs. Bilbo demonstrates righteousness on multiple occasions through the book. He takes some reasonable and just actions at times and there are other moments where you could question his…

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    Philosophy 2400 Zhiyuan Li Is the general will always right? In November 2014, China released a draft amendment to its Criminal Law, including exempting nine crimes from the death penalty. However, a considerable number of people almost immediately expressed their strong disagreement on lightening punishment for those crimes and asked for the most severe punishment instead. If we regard reducing death penalty crimes as the general will, or what is best for the whole society, the opponents might…

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