Validity

1. Name and describe at least 5 threats to validity (ea. threat accurately described is worth 2 points up to a possible 16 points). History threat- This occurs when the study outcome is affected by some historical event. If a specific event or chain of events does transpire during the time when a treatment is administered and it affects the observations it is a threat to the internal validity. Often times there is no way of determining if the historical event(s) or the treatment accounts for…

In this section, the analysis of validity includes three parts: validity of CSR measurement scale, validity of brand image measurement scale and validity of brand loyalty measurement scale. Based on the output of SPSS (details in Appendix F), we observed that there are three main steps to examine the validity. First, looking at the values of KMO and Bartlett's Test. Then, based on the Total Variance Explained table to determine the numbers of extracted factors. In the end, based on the Rotated…

issue of generalizing results from WEIRD participants to other populations arises. As we learned in Dr. Cheung’s class, this privileged demographic represents only about 12% of the world’s population, therefore limiting the potential for external validity, as it is a non-representative sample. In discussing the recruitment of participants, this also calls into question their other method of recruiting test subjects: online advertisements. This recruitment led to sampling bias, in which some…

Ecological validity is the extent to which psychological research and experiments mirror the events of real world situations. This essay will present examples in historical and recent psychological research and evaluate the role of ecological validity in each. In doing so, other key elements to psychological research will also be approached. Firstly, this essay will look at the experiments of Bandura et al. who sought to investigate the effect of social learning and aggressive behaviour in…

how valid the findings which are obtained through these methods are, and what could be done to improve the validity and reliability of data gained from such research methodologies. Some methods of research may give better and more reliable data than other methods. Each method comes with its advantages and disadvantages and some are more suitable for use in certain situations than others. Validity is about how accurate the results of a research are and whether the research piece has the ability…

To achieve reliability my idea was to give the patient a questionnaire before a structured interview. The idea is that the patient would answer the questionnaire, first and then the interview would begin. The clinician would then begin the structured interview and compare both sets of answers given by the patient. If the patients view of his or herself’s condition obstructs their answers on the questionnaire, the structured interview would help the clinician make a more accurate diagnoses. This…

It comes as no surprise that the clothing we wear has a major influence on how others perceive us. There are valid reasons why we don’t typically sport sweatpants at job interviews or ripped jeans at funerals; generally, we tend to present ourselves in attire that is socially acceptable so that others are more likely to form positive impressions of us. In this experiment, we examine the effect that clothing has, not only on social perception, but also on social influence, particularly in regards…

Research has stated that animals must be exposed and frequently involved in intense social interaction for facial recognition to occur. However, recent research has suggested that orangutans can differentiate between individuals with much less interaction required. The orangutans spend the majority of their time alone. It is estimated they spend 5% of their time associated in social situations. Additionally, very little is known about how the orangutans recognize faces in specific situations…

Although the quality of an argument can generally be evaluated by its ability to become convincing than other arguments, a argument veracity can not be warranted just because it has convinced someone with a opposing point of view. Therefore, despite the fact a convincing argument can be measured by its capacity of changing other's people mind in respect to how plausible that argument was, the best test of a argument does not rely on the argument possibility of changing someone's point of view,…

Since my birth, my curiosity of Waylon Pallidum has been insatiable. Waylon is not a part of our family, but he has been practically adopted. The long story short about Waylon, and this will confuse you - he has been alive for centuries, and he will never die. No, that is not a metaphor, this is not a poem. Waylon is not a prized possession that has esteemed a title worth personifying. Waylon is not a creative way I’ve decided to express my mind’s ability. Waylon is a human, a person who has…