Validity

reliability and validity first. According to David S. (2010), objectivity and credibility are the technical terms that reliability and validity of the research refer to. Polgar, S. and Thomas, S.A. stated that accuracy of the test procedure is what validity concerned with. They also pointed out that reliability is the characteristic of reproducibility and consistency of the results of a measurement step. There are different types of test validity and reliability, for example, content validity,…

Internal validity is defined as: “the approximate truth about inferences regarding cause-effect or causal relationships. Thus internal validity is only relevant in studies that try to establish a causal relationship” (“Internal Validity,” n.d.). Specific steps that a researcher should take to ensure internal validity in a mixed-method study are: 1. Ensure a cause and effect relationship is seen, and 2. Consider threats to internal validity, which are: • single group threats • multiple group…

Validity is important in determining how accurate the research is. Construct validity is a type of validity that shows whether or not the test used to measure a trait actually does measure it. It is difficult to measure traits as they are not physical objects that one could measure, therefore it is important for a researcher to find construct validity to ensure that their survey or experiment or other form of test does in fact measure the intended trait. To show that a measure of a trait has…

Polling is something that has been intertwined with politics for the nearly a 100 years, and has grown tremendously in recent years. Politicians use these polls to gauge public opinion, and are supposed to be used to help them know what their constituents want. However, many believe that these polls are used by politicians simply as a way to stay in office, flip-flopping on positions as opinion changes. While both of these arguments hold some weight, polling is a lot more complicated than people…

Validity and Reliability of Selection Tools The four selection tools were also examined to depict their reliability and validity. Reliability can be defined as the “degree to which an assessment tool produces stable and consistent results” (Phelan & Wren, 2016). To have reliability, the selection process should be based on the same criteria. Validity is described as the amount of accuracy measured by an assessment tool (Phelan & Wren, 2016). Validity cannot exist without reliability…

When discussing quality in the research it is often measured in terms of validity and reliability, these two are not independent and reliability is usually contrasted with validity. Reliability has to do with producing the same stable and consistent result each time the research is repeated. Reliability is also defined as when results are consistent over the time and an accurate illustration of subjects on the research and if the results can be produced over again under the similar methodology.…

Methodological review Addocks and Collier’s article “Measurement Validity: A Shared Standard for Qualitative and Quantitative Research attempts to solve a number of theoretical and methodological problems concerning variable viability. In doing so they seek to address four distinct problems within the realms of political science research. They are: how we understand the different types of validity, the debate between content validity and conceptual disputes, provided an alternate solution to…

Reliability of Eyewitness Testimony Evidence based eyewitness identification has been acknowledged for a while now. It is known for its stubborn suggestion to inaccuracy and sensitivity. Recognizing unfamiliar faces is actually what eyewitness identification is all about. A person as the eyewitness should remember factors of intrinsic, (built-in) and extrinsic (outward) memory; which is the procedure for their memory, on the contrary it can be misleading evidence. Lineups are part of…

convinced that personality test enables them to select the applicants who are more likely to be successful performers on particular jobs and would stay in position for long time. However, some concerns related to personality test are criterion-related validity, faking…

Introduction: Marriage is legal union of two people, it is legally binding contract between two parties which legitimizes their relationship and their children together. Marriage is also known as Nikah. The civil contract of marriage is enforced by signing a legal instrument called the Nikahnama. According to the Muhammadan Law, marriage is considered a civil contract rather than a sacrament. Marriage defined: Marriage has been defined by various jurists and statutes, some of which are as…