Urdu

largely added to the decline of Persian. Persian was now being challenged by new national languages, such as Urdu in India. The rise of the Sikh empire in India saw a shift from the usage of Persian to Urdu. Persian still had a role at the Sikh court and administration but patronage shifted to shift poets, and institutions. Another language that emerged in India was Punjabi, which was widely used in Indian literature. In India, the Mughal monarchs in Delhi were virtually British prisoners and their political legitimacy was slowly being demoted. In addition to disease, famine, and poverty, the Mughals suffered through the invasion of Nadir Shah and the Sikh Rebellion in the 1710’s, which greatly affected their dynasty. The East India company was expanding throughout India, and the once powerful kingdoms that were heirs to the Mughal imperial system were unable to resist the pressures of British power. The collapse of the Mughal central administration greatly effected the Persianate bureaucrats, which saw a loss of Persian being used throughout India. The Expansion of the British Empire in India saw the language of Persian being replaced by Urdu and English. In addition to the English language being the official language of India, the implementation of Urdu widely affected the presence of Persian in South-East Asia. However, even though the Persian language was replaced by Urdu as the language of government in the 1830s, travel between Iran and India was still facilitated…

full attention to the writing and editing of poetry exclusively in ancient Persian (Russel and Islam, Ghalib 133). While there are many other incidents and details that would add color to the life of Ghalib, this will do for a rough illustration of his person and activities. Ghalib, as aforementioned, was living through the schism of British India and Mughal India. He is often thought of as one of the great poets of the Mughal era, but this should be misconstrued to mean that he was a Mughal…

Policies dividing states already troubled by discrimination and gross systemic inequality are perplexing and illogical, more so in countries already plagued by multiple types of division. A special case of this type of rule is the Republic of India, in which the country is divided politically as the cause of different regions taking on different identities through the recognition of multiple languages as being national. This has led to many regions institutionally standardizing different…

Identify: a) Urdu: Urdu was a new language that was a mix of Hindu, Arabic, and Persian. This language evolved from the cultural blending that was occurring during that time period. b) Sikhism: Sikhism is a religion that is based off of Muslim monotheism as well as Hindu beliefs. Nank, the Indian holy man who created this religion, preached about the unity of God and brotherhood. The text states that Sikhs later clashed with rulers of India by forming military forces. c) Babur:…

politics as they are not eligibly correct to do politics . Sir Syed realized that fall of Muslims is due to backward in modern education . Muslims lost their past glory because of not going with modern society . They can only regain this glory by getting modern education . Urdu-Hindi Controversy : Urdu was made in India .Urdu means "language of troops". It was made to communicate different people from different regions of world in subcontinent. It is mixture of…

to West Pakistan. This can be a reason that Pakistan went out of her way to elect from her selected people 6 Urdu speaking non Pakistani which includes Mr. Liaqat Ali khan first prime minister of Pakistan. Mr. Tamizuddin khan who is known by his constitutional fight on 1954 against the governor general held the…

no connection between East and West Pakistan and there was almost a 2000 km long boundary that separates the two wings. Due to which no proper connection was maintained between the two wings. Army could not reach there in emergencies such as in Dhaka clashes in 1952 because of the immense distance and no proper facility of helicopters in the country. Another reason for separation was the language clashes. Till 1956, only Urdu was considered to be the national language of Pakistan while the…

Pakistan’s education policy has evolved since freedom in 1947. But the educational policy of using English and Urdu together stayed throughout. In Pakistan English is taken only as an examination subject. It is perceived as the essential function of teaching English in schools, in Pakistan, is to prepare students to take the exam. Passing examinations in English then opens ways to larger amounts of learning and to business opportunities. English is critical for social portability and entrance to…

and pattern of organization of the story is Chronological. The story is written in an informal way (narration). The story is effective in communicating its message, by the usage of pathos appeal to describe situation of Shahrazad. On the other hand, the writer only presented point of view of Shahrazad. He had not justified the views of the mother, regardless of her rudeness. The mother was thinking of betterment of her child. The text is surly meeting its purpose of entertainment by playing with…

English movies like the breakthrough movie -- Bachchan's 2005 film Black, a smash hit based on the life story of a girl who transcended the twin disabilities of blindness and deafness. Loosely based on the experiences of Helen Keller, Black was a Hindi movie, but a large part of the dialogue was in English. In this way, Bollywood's decision to craft home-grown English films makes commercial sense. 4.The Modern Trend in Bollywood Within a historical record, the charm of Urdu constitutes a…