Urbanization

The Brooklyn Bridge spans over New York City’s East river, connected Manhattan and Brooklyn. The construction started in 1869. It took 14 years, 600 workers and cost 15 million US dollars to finish the building. In the beginning of the project, the main engineer was John Augustus Roebling, a great pioneer in designing steel suspension bridges. He graduated as an industrial engineer, but in the end, he became a civil engineer and ran a successful wire cable factory. Furthermore, Roebling was the…

“The Irish in America” takes a harrowing look at the struggle of the Irish people throughout the history of America. The emigration of the Irish to America was significant in the expansion of the country. The railways, buildings, and urbanization of the country in the early years were built on the strong backs of the Irish. Before the potato famine, Irish families in America were in need of work to care for their loved ones. Immigrants would often do manual labor for low wages, however still…

Antebellum (pre-Civil War) America to contemporary (modern) America Starting from the pre-Civil war years between 1820 and 1860, America underwent the most chaotic experience in its history. During this period, the nation saw its people being developed from underdeveloped farmers and frontiersmen into becoming members of an urbanized economic powerhouse (Layson, 2014). America therefore in this period experienced five major trends in their life as the agricultural south became more separated…

like China. The First Divergence was the start of building the leading position of economy for Europe, since the European urbanization rate was far behind China in the eighth centuries, and GDP per capita was also lower than China during year 960 to year 1300. After the first divergence happened in 1500, Europe’s…

In recent decades, the world has encountered dramatic ecological and socioeconomic changes. Situations such as increasing urbanization processes, population growth, expanding poverty, but additionally climate change and the expansion in natural disasters have affected the economic and social advancement in numerous parts of the world. (Makoka and Kaplan, 2016). Growing natural disaster threats do not simply mirror the onset of events, for instance, earthquakes or floods, but additionally the…

Roy (2003) initially identifies the poverty of the rural-urban space is a construct of shelter as a form of space for poor migrant workers, which often have to live in shacks constructed from construction sites and garbage dumps: “Swapan and Sumitra’s Patuli unit with an extension built with material gathered from construction sites” (Roy, 2003, p.82). This aspect of the “body” describes the limited space provided for small groups of people, which are formed by scavenging construction sites to…

egalitarian movements began to take hold in the United States. Activists and reformers from diverse backgrounds and with very different agendas pursued their goals of a better America. As a result, by the turn of the 20th century, industrialization and urbanization had transformed the US into a wealthy and dominant world…

Consequences of African American Dispossession”, penned by Mindy Thompson Fullilove, delves deep into the phenomenon of urban renewal. Now, the author goes on to elucidate how urban renewal was a process among many that went on to contribute to the de-urbanization of the cities of the United States. This happened during the last half of the 20th century (Fullilove 73). The writing highlights the fact that urban renewal was a very vital federal policy that went on to impact the lives of…

The man who wrote the letter you are about to read will not show up in your textbooks. His name was Guy Goff and this was one of many letters he wrote to his wife during World War 1, this one specifically was written while he was stationed in France during the Paris Peace Conference to end World War 1. He wasn’t a politician and he wasn’t a diplomat, he was an assistant to those involved in the peace talks and got a front row seat to all of the political drama. Goff gives historians a…

Flushing the toilet with the lid open will spread polluted water, and if a toothbrush is too close, then it will essentially be comparable to brushing one’s teeth with toilet water. Living in a micro - apartment has been linked to domestic violence, drug abuse and psychological problems. Micro-apartments might be beneficial to someone around the age of 25, however, for people who are older it can increase their already high stress levels. While living in a micro – apartment may seem beneficial…