Urban renewal

In the late 1880s, there was a growth of cities never experienced before in the Northeast and Midwest regions of America. This rapid urbanization was caused by a great amount of immigration to the United States, and by improvements in the farming industry. Even though immigration and inventions helped to increase the rate at which cities grew, rapid urbanization brought many problems having to do with housing, transportation, water distribution, crime, and fire. To counter these problems, city…

1 Introduction As Setha Low explains in “The Edge and the Center: Gated Communities and the Discourse of Urban Fear“, a spatial analysis of the city prominently brings up separations and conflicts in both the center and the edge of the city (Low 2003, 387). Globally, cities are divided into different areas, segre-gated by cultural or racial differences and tensions. It is interesting to see how cities across the planet deal with issues that result from social pres-sures, cultural contexts and…

Asef Bayat in his article “City inside out” has proposed that cities like Cairo and Beirut are undergoing through a new form of urban public space, where, poor people tend to reappropriate the space from rich in Middle East region. Such urbanized public space’s new version, where, public-ness levels of the city consider is as “inside out” in literal meaning, where poor public is left with no option other than ensuring a heavy outdoor presence on city streets and where rich people’s response is…

Since 1800, the world has experienced the process of migration from rural areas to cities. In 1800, only 3% of total population lived in the urban areas, but in the following two centuries, the population of cities has rapidly increased to over 50% (Godfrey and Julien, 2005). Because of the development of technology, farming has been becoming more effective than ever. The increasing number of farmer has been losing their jobs (Knoll, 2014). Therefore, in many developing countries, the better…

This can still be seen in urban cities today with the prevalence and importance of public locations for meeting instead of all interacting taking place in private settings such as a person’s home. The importance of the cafe in “The Eyes of the Poor” is one that can still be easily…

caught up with the demands of city life. Wirth also mentions how mankind has been removed from organic nature. There is no true definition of the word “urban” and no true definition of the process of urbanization. A city cannot be defined as urban based on its population because some characterize a community of 2,500 or less as rural and all others are urban. Yet, others may change the criteria to 4,000, 10,000, or 100,000 for population. Because of the rapid growth in population within a city,…

aspects of urban society. By improving stress reduction and physical activity, green space have shown its advantages in promoting human’s health both mentally and physically (de Vries et al.,2003; Mitchell and Popham, 2008; Higgs et al., 2012). Specifically, green space could contribute to appropriate air quality, noises levels, air temperature and cutting down water pollution, thus it is essential for human health who lived in the urban area. That is to say, a feasible method of urban planning,…

Harland Bartholomew is one of the original municipal planners that influenced the city planning profession from 1914 to present day. Bartholomew’s influence and notability in city planning has three distinct areas (Lovelace, 1993). These three areas include the education of planning professionals, civil service at both the city and national level, and his private practice and advancement of a systematic comprehensive plan (Lovelace, 1993). These three areas tell a story of an individual that had…

Paul Boyer, Urban Masses and Moral Order in America, 1820-1910, (Cambridge, Mass: Harvard University Press), “Part.4 ‘The Progressive and the City’, pp.189-292.” Zwia Lipkin, Useless to the State: Social Problems and Social Enginerring in Nanjing, 1927-1937 (Harvard University Asia Centre, 2006). Useless to the State written by Zwia Lipkin’s investigates the history and urban development of Nanjing between 1927-1937 and recounts in detail how the Nationalist aimed to boost the image of the…

The twentieth century was the century of urban revolution. The population of many cities has been growing exponentially, and cities are urbanising rapidly. Hence, many cities like Singapore, New York, and Tokyo are facing the issue of scarcity of land. One might say that many countries have abundant land in the form of forests and farms, which can be transformed into an urban land someday, but land is not created equal. Singapore and Hong Kong are of the most densely populated cities in the…