United States federal courts

It was not until 1968, when the Fair Housing Act and other federal provisions regarding discrimination became law binding. A precedent regarding the application and interpretation of the anti-discrimination provisions was waiting to be set for local neighborhoods in the United States. Robert Laufman, a leading Cincinnati civil rights attorney, would be the one to set such a precedent by brining the first fair lending case to the federal courtroom. In 1971, Robert Laufman, a former engineer for…

the American court system. Though all members of the judiciary body remain “unbiased,” this idea suggests an overpowering force behind local petitions which are, thus, used as vehicles to deliver justice and identity. Linda Greenhouse, author of Becoming Justice Blackmun, offers an alternative approach to this question through detailed analysis of the career of Justice Blackmun. With deep insights, Blackmun effectively conveys stare decisis in relation to restrictions the Supreme Court places…

Summary: The court system plays an important role in American society. The court system is able to give orders and dismantle laws that are deemed unconstitutional. The belief that courts have the function as policy makers is predominantly seen within the history of the Supreme Court. The Supreme Court is able to be involved in policy making by exercising judicial review. Through judicial review, courts are able to strike down on policies made by elected officials or legislatures. The Supreme…

The United States Criminal Justice System uses procedural justice; whereas, the Japanese Justice System uses substantive justice (DeSombre, 1995). Procedural law “points out the kind of evidence that can be submitted, what the jury is allowed to hear and the credentials of those allowed to represent the defendant” (Schmalleger, 2011, p. 20). Procedural law protects the rights of criminal suspects by specifying step-by-step rules that outline the legal criminal procedure by which the criminal…

Public Administration Capstone Test Competency Assessment Instructions This assessment consist of 50 multiple choice questions that cover all of the courses in the program. The first 6 questions cover the material in PAD 500. The second 6 questions cover the material in PAD 505. The next 7 questions cover the material in PAD 510. The next 6 questions cover the material in PAD 515. The next 6 questions cover the material in PAD 520. The next 7 questions cover the material in PAD 525. The…

Sinclair, U. (2002). The jungle (C.V. Eby, Ed., Norton critical ed.). New York: W. W. Norton & Company. (Original work published 1906) This is a review on select meat packing issues raised in The Jungle regarding organized crime, government action/inaction, food and worker safety, and reform in the early 1900s. Packingtown is “a section of southwest Chicago,” comprised of “stockyards, slaughter-houses, factories, and cramped and filthy living quarters” (Sinclair, 1906/2002, p. vii). The Jungle…

Carrico (September 4, 1916- January 27, 2013) Harry Lee Carrico was known for serving more than 50 years on the Supreme Court of Virginia (Slayton & Schapiro, 2013). Mr. Carrico followed his passion to relentlessly serve others by joining the Supreme Court of Virginia in 1961 (Slayton & Schapiro, 2013). Additionally, Mr. Carrico served 22 years as Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of Virginia until he was mandatorily required to retire at the age of 86 on January 31, 2003 (Slayton & Schapiro,…

case showed that the Supreme Court did not like having government interfering in businesses with economic regulation (Kens 129). Kens discusses this dilemma in a new era in American legal history known as the Lochner era. The Supreme Court decisions during this period went against the tide of the country that wanted social reforms. Even President Roosevelt, a famed Progressive reformer disliked the Supreme Court ideology. Kens writes that Roosevelt says of the Supreme Court, “well-nigh or…

In the Supreme Court case, United States v. Russell, 411 U.S. 423 (1973), Respondent Richard Russell was charged with three counts of a five-count indictment on behalf of unlawfully manufacturing and processing the drug methamphetamine. The controversy that surrounds this case derives from the respondent, Richard Russell’s decision to argue the legal term known as entrapment (United States v. Russell, 1973). This specific term is typically used when a Law enforcement agent induces an individual…

If you go out and about within our country and you ask people if they knew very much about the United States court system, they will most likely tell you that they do not know very much about the court system unless they have been involved with the court system whether it be federal or state level. Most people do not realize that the court systems have three levels within them or that there is certain situation that will allow you to get to one level or the other. There is a whole lot of…