Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale

Introduction Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disease, with prominent motor symptoms (i.e. rigidity, tremors and bradykinesia) [1, 2] and non-motor symptoms [3, 4] (i.e. sleep disorders, constipation, cardiac arrhythmias and cognitive deficits), ultimately leading to death. There are two defining features of PD, degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra and an abundant amount of -synuclein protein in the brain creating Lewy bodies [5]. When -synuclein misfolds…

neurodegeneration in the basal ganglia can be caused by a magnitude of diseases and disorders (text book p 782).These disorders include progressive supra-nuclear palsy, Shy- Drager syndrome, and diffuse Lewy body disease to name few. Another neurodegenerative disorder that affects the central nervous system, is more commonly known, and affects approximately 800,000 adults just in the United States is Parkinson’s disease. Parkinson’s normally affects the middle-aged and elderly population but can…

I. Introduction A. Parkinson’s Disease (PD) is a chronic and progressive neurodegenerative movement disorder that is otherwise known as Shaking Palsy. 1. The reason for the term Shaking Palsy is because one of the core features of the disorder is tremors, with about 70% of people experiencing a slight tremor in either the foot or hand on one side of the body as a typical onset. B. PD involves malfunction and/or death of neurons in the brain, which are vital nerve cells. 1.…

General Clinical Research Center for a 12-week gluten- and casein-free diet. Each diet was made specifically for the child based on their food preferences. The results of this clinical trial showed no significant difference with Childhood Autism Rating Scale (CARS), Ecological Communication Orientation (ECO), and behavioral frequencies. There were also no significant differences in grouped data for urinary peptide levels of gluten and casein and observed parent…

al. 1991; Benabid et al. 1987). There are several theories explaining the efficacy of DBS, (Chakrabarti et al. 2014; Frost et al. 2009; Halpern et al. 2007; Pereira et al. 2007), but ample evidence exists on the safety and efficacy of DBS in Parkinson’s Disease (PD), leading to expanded indications for DBS including benign tremors, dystonia, epilepsy and other neuropsychiatric disorders (Benabid et al. 2009; Marangell et al. 2007). Prior to the introduction of DBS, surgical treatment for PD…

evidence and the article by Farley & Koshland, et al. (2005) was a rater blinded non-randomized study with Level IIIa evidence (Oxford Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine (OCEBM, 2011). The article by Dashtipour et al. (2015) rated 5/10 on the PEDro scale. The reviewed articles were not free from reliability and validity issues due to the small size and lack of power analysis. The article by Ebersbach et al. (2015) demonstrated…

motor dysfunction on exam and functionally relevant motor dysfunction in day-to-day life among independently living elders without PD” (Gardner et al, 2017). To characterize these different aspects of motor function on exam, the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) Motor Examination was performed and a global motor score and four domain scores (tremor, rigidity, bradykinesia, and posture/gait) were scored (Gardner et al, 2017). Additionally, the functionally relevant motor…

without reproduction. Stem cells are also referred to “playing god”, or “cheating at life”. Stem Cells should be used to help repair cells, as well as treat, and possibly cure the diseases that take the lives of others. Stem Cells should be continued research and be an advanced study that could lead to cures of diseases and repair organs…