Ultrasound

Arterial intima-media thickness ‎measurement obtained by B-mode ultrasound is currently recommended ‎by the American Heart Association as being relatively safe, noninvasive ‎and inexpensive method of assessing subclinical atherosclerosis and ‎being an independent predictor of atherosclerotic events(7).The IMT is ‎significantly…

Introduction Sepsis is a serious infection of the blood or tissues that affects the whole body. Septic shock is the final, most serious stage of this infection. It is a medical emergency and requires immediate treatment. What are the causes? Septic shock is caused by a drop in blood pressure. The drop keeps your organs from getting enough oxygen, causing them to fail. What increases the risk? You are more likely to develop this condition if: You are very young or elderly. You have AIDS or…

Uterine fibroids are one of the most common causes of abnormal vaginal bleeding in women. These benign tumors are composed of smooth muscle and connective tissue. The ultrasound appearance of fibroids varies and depends on their size, location and type of degeneration they may be under-going. In most cases they are asymptomatic but if they grow large can cause symptoms including abnormal and/or heavy bleeding, painful menses, abdominal discomfort, back ache, constipation, and infertility.…

2.1. The left ventricle and interventricular septum The heart has two inferior chambers, called the right and left ventricles, respectively. These chambers are the “pumps” that expel blood into the blood vessels and keeps it flowing through the body (Rizzo, 2016). The left ventricle is a cavity that has thick muscular walls that contains the papillary muscles as well as the chordae tendinae that attaches the atrio-ventricular valve leaflets to the papillary muscles (Leeson, Augustine,…

CVC General Consideration INDICATIONS To give medications to the patient e.g. vasopressors, chemotherapy, antibiotics1 Parentral nutrition (PEN) Hemodynamic monitoring – e.g. central venous pressure (CVP) In case of difficult or poor peripheral venous access CONTRAINDICATION: some of the relative contraindications are Anatomic distortion at insertion site Coagulopathy Already existing intravascular devices SITES Internal juglar vein (IJV) Suvclavian vein ( SCV) Femoral vein…

The health care field has been revolutionized by advances in genomics and molecular biology which have provided the necessary tools required to identify the hereditary component, susceptibility, disease process, and pharmacological response of numerous diseases. According to Perry, Hockenberry, Lowdermilk, and Wilson (2010), there is a genetic component associated with almost all human illnesses affecting individuals of all ages, socioeconomic levels, race, ethnicity or religious beliefs.…

Blighted Ovum A blighted ovum is a condition in which a fertilized egg (embryo) attaches itself to the uterus but does not develop. The condition causes the placenta to grow and pregnancy hormones to be secreted. A blighted ovum is also called an anembryonic pregnancy. Women with this condition test positive for pregnancy even though they are not pregnant. CAUSES This condition may be caused by: A problem with a type of gene called a chromosome. A poor quality sperm or egg. SYMPTOMS…

Pseudoaneurysm A pseudoaneurysm occurs when there is injury to an artery. The injury allows blood to leak out of the artery. The leaking blood collects or pools and is contained in the nearby tissues. CAUSES The most common cause of this condition is a procedure that involves inserting a thin tube (catheter) into an artery, such as an angiogram. After an angiogram, if the insertion site does not fully seal, blood may leak out of the artery. Other causes include: • Trauma to the walls of an…

Spina Bifida, a condition that is classified as a neural tube defect that affects about 1,500 babies are born with each year where the spinal column is not completely closed over the spinal cord. There are two types of Spina Bifida, one being very mild and one being very severe. Although this can be a tough disorder with possible physical and mental disabilities, with the correct treatment and follow through many people with some assistance cam live their lives fully. Spina Bifida can vary in…

The type of scanner is a modality-dependent feature. For example, MRIs and CT scanners are differ in size and functions. In medical ultrasounds, patients are not required to enter a scanner to be tested for CAD. These intrinsic modality-dependent differences were therefore considered as important test-specific attributes. In a DCE on scanning modalities to diagnose focal liver lesions, the type of scanner used was studied and shown to influence patient preferences for diagnostic tests (Whitty et…