Tyrosine

amino acid residues, 19 disulfide bonds and has a molecular mass of about 80 kDa. Transferrin has a combination of alpha helices and beta sheets that form an N-terminus and a C-terminus domain (1). The iron ion that binds to the protein binds to two tyrosine, one aspartic acid and one histidine residues. In humans, the major function of transferrin is to regulate the level of free iron ions within cells. Transferrin transports iron from cells (such as intestinal cells and cells of the…

Myasthenia gravis What is myasthenia gravis? Myasthenia gravis is a medical condition characterized by autoantibodies against acetylcholine receptors at the neuromuscular junction, resulting in muscle weakness. Patients often have involvement of their ocular (eye) and bulbar muscles. The bulbar muscles are located in the head and are important for chewing and swallowing. Symptoms often include double vision, eyelid drooping, slurred speech, and dysphagia (trouble swallowing) due to muscle…

Various risk factors have been associated with each type of Leukemia. The chance of developing Acute Myeloid Leukemia is increased by smoking. It is widely known that smoking can cause cancers of the mouth, throat, and lungs; however, cancer-causing substances can also be absorbed into the bloodstream through the lungs and travel to other parts of the body. Other risk factors for AML include exposure to: certain chemicals such as benzene and possibly formaldehyde, certain chemotherapy drugs with…

CRISPR stand for: Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeat. The CRISPR is repeat spacer array contain a series of short direct repeats interspaced with short sequence which had been detected in the genome of many bacteria and archaea. The CRISPR method is based on the natural defense system used by bacteria to protect themselves from invading viruses. When the DNA of virus detected by bacterium, the CRISPR RNA as a guide RNA which contain a sequence, match to the invading virus…

Helicobacter pylori is correlated with the malignant transformation of the gastric epithelial cells. It has been correlated with a variety of condtitions that serve as a precursor for gastric carcinogenesis. This review focuses on the different factors that enable Helicobacter pylori to colonize and damage the stomach epithelium, which are directly linked to Helicobacter pylori-induce gastric carcinogenesis. These factors include cytotoxin associated gene A (cagA), Vacuolating toxin A (vacA),…

4. Discussion ZnO NPs are known to be cytotoxic and genotoxic in vitro and in vivo [9; 24-26]. However there is a lack of information where immunomodulatory effects of ZnO NPs are considered. Since, in vitro system cannot mimic the complexity of an in vivo system; hence in vivo is preferred for the toxicological evaluation. In the present study BALB/c mice were chosen as the in vivo model due to their immunocompetence and similarity with human metabolic activity, biochemical and physiological…

Results showed that the basic amino acids for sea bass fillets were glutamic acid, aspartic acid and lysine. The amount of methionine, tyrosine and histidine were lower than the other amino acids. Similar to the data obtained by Ozden and Erkan (2008). Fish are quite rich in lysine (Ozden and Erkan, 2008) and other reported that the main amino acids in sea bass were aspartic acid, glutamic…

Lung Cancer is the leading cause to cancer-related deaths around the world, with approximately 1/3 of all cancer related death. (Comparison of Four Chemotherapy Regimens for Advanced Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer)Approximately seventy percent of people who are diagnosed with lung cancer present with advanced or metastatic (Molina, Yang, Cassivi, Schild, & Adjei, 2008). Non-small-cell lung cancer accounts for approximately eighty-five percent of lung cancers diagnosed in the world. (Molina, Yang,…

(Medzhitov, 2007). Some pathogenic bacteria intervene with T and B cells receptors in order to avoid these cells (Hornef et al., 2002). Yersinia pseudotuberculosis is a good illustration of this mechanism. Yersinia outer membrane protein H (YopH) produces tyrosine phosphatase protein, which suppresses interleukin 2 (IL-2) synthesis by the T cell. Moreover, this protein inhibits the activation of T cell antigen- specific receptors. In addition, the B cell shows an incapacity for the up-regulation…

medullary thyroid cancer, and is used as an alternative to RAI. In a phase III clinical trial, patients were only eligible if an imaging scan showed traces of at least one lesion that did not take up iodine from RAI. Lenvatinib is also an oral tyrosine kinase inhibitor, which can directly inhibit the function of PET, RAF, and certain VEGF receptors. Inhibition of these specific kinase-dependent pathways can disrupt the cancerous pathway by decreasing proliferation of cancerous cells.…