Turbidity

2.5. ANTIOXIDANT STATUS 2.5.1. TLC - Semi Quantitative DPPH Assay 0.2 % DPPH solution in methanol was prepared and kept in the fridge for further use. The grid space was marked with 1.0 cm2 space on an aluminum based TLC sheet (Merck silica gel 60F254) and a stock solution of all the extracts together with the standard were prepared in methanol. A series of dilutions of the stock together with the standard were prepared ranging from 400 µL to 0.01µL for the last dilution. The grid on the TLC…

This lab experiment was completed to determine the environment in which microbes prefer to live. The pH, moisture, available nutrients, oxygen and light all affect the rate in which bacteria grow. The majority of bacteria flourish when the pH level is near neutral; the growth rate is highly affected if the pH is off by just a little. If too acidic, the amount of time it takes the bacteria to adjust to a new environment (lag time) is increased which slows the growth, the activity of enzymes is…

Chitin is a linear polysaccharide, with β-(1-4)-linked N-acetyl-D-glucosamine. Found in the exoskeletons of crustaceans (crab, shrimp, lobster, insects) & molluscs, as well as the cell walls of algae and fungi, chitin is the second-most naturally abundant polysaccharide after cellulose [1, 2]. Chitin occurs naturally in the polymorphic forms: α, β and γ. The α-polymorphic form of chitin is the most abundant in nature, present in the strong exoskeleton of crustaceans [6]. α-Chitin forms tightly…

that TDS level or concentration in groundwater are higher than surface water due to water “contact with the aquifer geologic material and more time to dissolve the rock and mineral materials”. TSS reflects the clarity of the water or also known as turbidity. High TSS can reduce visibility or light ability to pass through the water. Besides, high level of TSS will cause heat absorption by the suspended particles within water body and resulting warmer water that can hold less (DO). Also water with…

New Zealand’s longest river is the Waikato River, which runs down for 425 kilometres until it meets and flows out into the sea; not only is this the longest river in New Zealand, but it is also one of the most polluted waterways in the whole entire nation. The Waikato River start at Lake Taupo, and in a study (Waikato Regional Council, n.d.) showed that the clarity of the water passes 10 metres far in the beginning, this quickly shifts very shortly beyond Lake Taupo. Even just by the Ohaaki…

Lake Tahoe is located in the Sierra Nevada mountain range in the northeastern part of California, boarding Nevada. It is well known as a tourist attraction for its great depth and clear cobalt blue waters located at high elevation. The combination of its depth, low ratio of watersheds to lake surface area, and its granite rock geology has lead to the creation of a low fertile and high transparent monomictic lake. Its also unique in that it doesn’t fully mix from top to bottom every year, lake…

The purpose of performing physiological tests is to figure out certain characteristics of microorganisms or to reach a conclusion on what an unknown microorganism is. It can be also used to determine what is needed for bacteria to be cultured in or on certain media. Culture media can either be liquid or solid, and they can be used to identify certain characteristics of different bacterial species. This is indicated by the growth or lack of growth in or on certain media. Solid media can also be…

commonly encountered cell culture contaminants. In the absence of antibiotics, bacteria can usually be detected in a culture within a few days of contamination, either by microscopic observation or by their direct effects on the culture (pH shifts, turbidity, and cell death) (Leifert C. And Cassells A.C., 2000). Bacterial contamination remains a continuing threat to plant tissue culture, but techniques for reducing contamination are available. Laboratories must assess their Situation, To…

Throughout this lab, students worked with a common bacterium called Escherichia coli, which is a gram-negative bacterium that is found living in the digestive tracts of humans and animals. In the lab, various steps were carried out to evaluate and analyze the selective mediums that were created after doing our dilutions. Additionally, the number of colonies forming was calculated from specific time periods to establish a valid growth curve for E. coli. The growth curve’s shape and length is…

Benthic plants, phytoplankton and submerged algae produce oxygen as a by-product of photosynthesis (refer to Appendix 11). The rate of photosynthesis heavily relies on light exposure, and the ability for the light to reach the plants. Therefore, the turbidity and general light exposure affect photosynthesis. Diffusion is the movement of a particular substance from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration. Oxygen in the atmosphere goes along the concentration gradient and…