Turbidity current

Shark culling is a state government implemented policy in which sharks within the vicinity of a beach can be legally killed through shark nets or drumlines or a combination of the two. Drumlines are unmanned buoyant drums anchored one kilometre of a beach's shoreline. In between the drums are ropes with hooks. Drumlines are baited so that if a shark is swimming in the vicinity of a beach it would be attracted to the bait and not humans. Each state has different policies on drumlines depending on…

Introduction Coral reef ecosystems are arguably one of the most biologically diverse ecosystems on Earth. (Spalding 2001) Because of the marine life that swarms these areas, the reefs are comparable to those of tropical rainforests. (Spalding 2001) Additionally they play a critical role in the success of coastal communities, providing protection from storms, and drives tourism to these areas. However, due to unfortunate changes that inundates the coral reef ecosystems from increases in human…

from using the spot without being infected and becoming ill with the diseases mentioned above becoming a significant environmental impact affecting a percentage of the local population. Disease can also be spread through the waste being carried by currents to other swimming destinations or fishing spots. The infected fish will spread their disease to the consumers of the fish. The spread of disease of through faecal…

Fish have a unique position with respect to their taxonomic and phylogenic status among vertebrates and occupy an important place in vertebrate’s genealogy. Most fish are ectothermic ("cold-blooded"), allowing their body temperatures to vary (1 – 2 ºC) as ambient temperatures change. Majority of siluroid fish are economically important for human consumption. Protein and vitamins content in fish flesh varies from high to moderate and make it as rich source of protein diet. Fishes of siluroid…

water for animals and plants in the summer. The warmer temperature in the summer allow more organisms to survive during the winter causing for a much greater population. A recent case of this in the park is the mountain pine beetles who with the current outbreak because of the warmer temperatures are changing the landscape, trails, and campgrounds. The rise in temperatures in the Rocky mountain national park in the 20th…

Chitin is a linear polysaccharide, with β-(1-4)-linked N-acetyl-D-glucosamine. Found in the exoskeletons of crustaceans (crab, shrimp, lobster, insects) & molluscs, as well as the cell walls of algae and fungi, chitin is the second-most naturally abundant polysaccharide after cellulose [1, 2]. Chitin occurs naturally in the polymorphic forms: α, β and γ. The α-polymorphic form of chitin is the most abundant in nature, present in the strong exoskeleton of crustaceans [6]. α-Chitin forms tightly…

New Zealand’s longest river is the Waikato River, which runs down for 425 kilometres until it meets and flows out into the sea; not only is this the longest river in New Zealand, but it is also one of the most polluted waterways in the whole entire nation. The Waikato River start at Lake Taupo, and in a study (Waikato Regional Council, n.d.) showed that the clarity of the water passes 10 metres far in the beginning, this quickly shifts very shortly beyond Lake Taupo. Even just by the Ohaaki…

In electrolytic chlorination (i.e., electrolysis), an electrical current is directly applied to seawater generating free chlorine, sodium hypochlorite and hydroxyl radicals. During the electrolytic chlorination process, a certain salinity level in ballast water is required or additional salt will need to be added. The…

investigate the magnitude of support for two current competing hypotheses explaining the divergence of Neoceti from archaic whales (Archaeoceti)…

CRP was identified from patients with acute pneumococcal pneumonia at the Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research (Tillett and Francis, 1930), a name that reflects its reaction with the C-polysaccharide of Pneumococcus. This pentameric protein with MW 118 kDa has five non-covalently bonded and non-glycosylated identical subunits of 206 amino acids each to form a disk-shaped pentagon (Fig. 1). CRP has been proven as an early indicator of infectious or inflammatory conditions as well as a…