Tunica

Briefly, the upper part of Mississippi, which is now known as the Mississippi Delta, was under the control of the Choctaw Indians. From 1820-1884, the Indians were moved by three series of treaties. The three series of treaties were Treaty of Doak’s Stand, Treaty of Fort Adam, and the Treaty of Fort Confederation. Substantially, one of the most emphasized treaties to remove the Indians was the Treaty of Doak’s Stand in 1820. The Treaty of Doak’s Stand ceded approximately 5,000,000 acre of the Indians’ territories, which now makes up Washington County, Bolivar, Coahoma, Tunica County, Issaquena and Sunflower. By 1850s, white settlements had made their moves and the Mississippi Delta became the most productive area in Mississippi. However, by January 1866 after the Civil War, slavery came to an end leaving many without resources to relocate so they settled in the Delta. The region became disastrous because the emancipated slaves lack the main resources to develop a better lifestyle such as transportation, education, security, and monetary…

3. Explain the heart generates and conducts an electrical current. Page 388 The heart has its own built-in conduction system for generating action potentials spontaneously and coordinating contractions during the cardiac cycle. All the cardiac muscle fibers in each region of the heart are electrically linked together. The intercalated disks are connections that electrically join the muscle fibers of the heart into a single unit that can conduct electrical impulses through the entire wall of…

They are all hollow tubes with holes known as lumens. The size of the lumen varies depending on the type of the blood vessels. The capillaries have the narrowest lumen, of only one cell thickness. This slows down blood flow in the capillaries giving it enough time for gaseous exchange i.e in the lungs. This is followed the lumen of the arteries which is narrower than that of the veins. This helps the blood travelling through it maintain higher blood pressure. The lumen of the veins is larger, as…

- Inner Layer; An inner endothelial cell layer called tunica intima lines the arteries and veins. The tunica intima, is a single layer of squamous epithelial cells that lines the inner surface of the entire cardiovascular system. In many veins, the tunica intima is equipped with pockets that act as one-way valves. These valves prevent the back flow of blood and allow the veins to act as supplemental pumps that help to keep the blood following in one direction, back toward the heart. The activity…

of the French people, which can reduce the levels of plasma homocysteine which at a high enough level, can cause cardiovascular complications. The onset of CHD typically begins through development of atherosclerosis, starting with factors such as lipoproteins, low-density lipoproteins (LDL) in particular. High amounts of circulating LDL can result in deposition in the tunica intima of arteries and oxidation, and thus becoming oxidised-LDL (oxLDL) due to interaction with free radicals or reactive…

Involvement in the French paradox Research on resveratrol stems from the interest generated by the paradoxical event whereby French individuals have low incidences of CHD even though their diet was found to be high in saturated fats. This led to the hypothesis that the low incidences of CHD is due in part to their moderate consumption or intake of red wine. CHD can begin developing due to factors such as lipoproteins, low-density lipoproteins (LDL) in particular. High amounts of circulating…

laterally and exteriorly from the insula towards the cortex. Finally, the M4 segment supplies the cortex at the Sylvian fissure. The frontal, parietal, and temporal lobe are all supplied by the middle cerebral artery and its various branches. The inferior and medial surfaces of the temporal lobe also receive nutrients from the posterior cerebral artery and the deep Sylvian vein. The frontal and parietal lobes are irrigated by the anterior cerebral artery, and is drained by the smaller anterior…

Arteries Arteries carry blood at high pressure (80 - 120 mm Hg) They have a narrower lumen (to maintain high pressure) surround by a thick wall made of two layers The middle layer (tunica media) contains muscle and elastin to help maintain pulse flow (it can contract and stretch) The outer layer (tunica adventitia) contains collagen prevents the artery rupturing due to the high pressure blood flow Veins Veins carry blood under low pressure (<10 mm Hg) They have a very wide lumen (keeps…

Blood vessels vary sizes all depending on how much blood flows through. Most blood vessels are composed of 3 different layers: tunica externa, tunica media, and tunica intima. The tunica externa are composed of connective tissues and elastic fibers. They stretches the blood vessels out for higher amount of blood to flow. The tunica media is also composed of elastic fibers, but have a smooth muscle layer instead of connective tissue. The tunica media helps regulate blood pressure and the flow of…

muscle precursors. In arteries of the upper body, SMCs are derived from neurectoderm. The coronary artery SMCs arise from the proepicardial organ. Fig.1 The endothelial thrombotic balance Fig.2 Embryologic origin of vascular SMCs Layers of the normal artery: Tunica Intima The tunica intima is the innermost layer . It consists of a layer of ECs overlaying on a basal lamina consisting of basement membrane containing nonfibrillar collagen types, laminin and fibronectin. With age, the intimal…