Trypsin

Currently, pancreatic cancer is the fourth leading cause of cancer-related deaths in the United States. Furthermore, the five year survival rate of individuals diagnosed with pancreatic cancer has been estimated at just below 5%. This can be attributed to the fact that pancreatic cancer often progresses stealthily and physical symptoms (jaundice, abdominal pain, and weight loss) do not present until the cancer is in its later stages. As a result, the best way of treating pancreatic cancer is to…

A particularly concerning effect of GE is its contribution of introducing a new gene in a product that has never been present. The process of creating gmo’s alters the DNA’s natural state, which in turn can cause mutations, deletion of a chromosomal segment, and a change in gene expressions. As a result from GE the introduction of new genes inserted could result in raising the levels of an existing allergen or produce a new and unknown allergen. In addition, it could also transfer the DNA of a…

Clostridium Botulinum Clostridium Botulinum is a single celled bacteria and has organelles, not bounded by a membrane. They are asexual and reproduce by binary fission. It belongs to Kingdom Bacteria because it has peptidoglycan in its cell wall. It is unicellular and lack nucleus. It is obligate anaerobe as well as have ability to produce by spore so it falls under Phylum Firmicutes. It is classified in class Clostridia and further in order Clostridiales due to its spore forming ability. It is…

DMEM medium with 10% (v/v) FBS + penicillin-streptomycin (50 units/ml). The cells were used to experiments after two weeks of thawing from cryopreserved stock. On the day of harvest, the cell monolayer was rinsed with 1 x PBS and pre-warmed 0.25% trypsin-EDTA solution was added. The cells (1×104 cells/well) were seeded into 96 well plates and allowed to attach for 24 h before chemical treatment. During the experiment period, cells were maintained…

1. Introduction Lernaea infection is a major disease problem encountered in carp culture in the Indian subcontinent and has been reported from Indian major carps Catla (Catla catla), Rohu (Labeo rohita), Mrigal (Cirrhinus mrigala) , exotic carps silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix), grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) and indigenous carps Labeo fimbriatus (Nandeesha et al., 1984, 1985; Tamuli and Shanbhouge, 1996; Zafar et al., 2001). The three Indian Major Carps viz., Catla, Rohu and…

TRPML1’s Impact on MLIV In the article, “Fusion of lysosomes with secretory organelles leads to uncontrolled exocytosis in the lysosomal storage disease mucolipidosis type IV” discussed the impacts of TRMPL1 on MLIV. Lysosomes are important in maintaining healthy cells, however, with the absence of lysosomal TRP channel TRPML1 then the lysosomal pH becomes more acidic because of the calcium leakage; hence, this makes lysosomes more sensitive to fusing, and due to being near exocytosis regulating…

The proteins were in-gel digested with trypsin overnight forming peptides. The peptides were extracted with 5% acetic acid in H2O and 5% acetic acid in CH3CN/ H2O at a 1:1 ratio, dried and stored at -200C for further analysis. B) Protein Identification A high performance liquid chromatography…

Impact of the Rabies Virus: Risks and Preventative Measures for Health and Safety Megan Goebel MMI 133 Dr. Judy Gnarpe It is uncommon today to not have a pet as a family member or have zero contact with animals. Due to this increasing trend, it is important to be aware of the risks from zoonotic diseases that can be transmitted to humans. As a new owner, I was given the opportunity to learn from a veterinarian about the health of my pet and common diseases that are preventable with great…

Introduction A genetically modified organism (GMO) is what results from a laboratory process where DNA genes of one source are extracted and artificially forced into the DNA of an unrelated source. The genes that are forced into the receiving source can be extracted from bacteria, viruses, insects, animals, or humans. The process is typically referred to as Genetic Engineering (GE) or Genetic Modification (GM); however, despite the different process names, they are the same (Smith J. , What is…

Chapter-1 Introduction Plantains and banana constitute the fourth most important global food commodity (after rice, wheat and maize) grown in more than 120 countries over a harvested area of approximately 10 million hectares. The annual production of banana is about 88 million tonnes (Frison and Sharrock, 1999). It is the crop in superior position due…