Trypsin

digested further by pancreatic juice and bile from the pancreas and liver, respectively (both of which are accessory organs, and not a part of the digestive system, technically) that digest starch (pancreatic amylase), fat (lipase), and protein (trypsin). In the small intestine, starches in the broken down form of glucose and proteins broken down into amino acids are allowed to cross the small intestine’s membrane and enter the blood capillaries, where they will be put to use as energy makers.…

Bovine serum albumin (BSA) is usually used for generation of nanoparticles (NPs) in drug delivery systems. This paper presents a study on the simple coacervation method for fabrication of BSA nanoparticles.An artificial neural network (ANN) model was developed to predict the diameter of nanoparticles based on experimental data. Effect of pH, temperature, initial BSA and cross linker concentration, molar ratio of BSA to ethanol, agitation rate and rate of ethanol addition were investigated on the…

Genetic Roulette Genetically Modified Organisms, otherwise known as GMO’s, could potentially stop world hunger; however, the risks outweigh the greater good. The mixing of genetic material can raise the risks of allergic reactions to foods. Furthermore, tests have shown that many hazards and medical complications come from consuming genetically modified foods. In addition, genetically modified foods do not only affect foods like tomatoes but meats as well. Yes, Genetically Modified Organisms…

1.7.3.4. Hydrogen sulphid test (MacFaddine, 1980): Tubes of triple sugar iron agar media were inoculated by suspected culture through stabbing into the butt and the slant then covered with sterile melted paraffin wax and incubated anaerobically for 48 h at 37°C, appearance of blackening in the butt indicates H2S production. 1.7.3.5. Sugar fermentation test (Willis, 1977): Suspected culture was inoculated to 1% peptone water tubes containing 2% bromocresol purple and 1% quantities of the…

infections progressively destroy the lungs. Lung disease is the leading cause of death in cystic fibrosis patients. New born screening is where testing for cystic fibrosis begins. If an infant has a high level of an enzyme called immunoreacitve trypsin in their blood (occurs if there is an injury to the pancreas) further testing is performed. A sweat test, which is the most reliable way to diagnose cystic fibrosis, is performed on the child. It is a painless test where sweat is collected…

Fortification is one way in which food processing can alter the bioactive profile of a food. Significant health crises have been resolved via the implementation in 1924 of the addition of iodine to salt to prevent goiter and the 1940s implementation of the additions of vitamin D to milk to prevent rickets and niacin to flour to prevent pellagra. A more recent example is the establishment of the addition of folate to bread and breakfast cereals to prevent neural tube defects in the offspring of…

GMOs: The Manmade Super Food Or the Genetic Atomic Bomb? GMOs, like many other things, start from good intentions, but the effect it can and does have on the planet, the animals and people aren’t so good. It's great to live in the present but sometimes we have to put the future first. Genetic engineering (or GE) food started in the late 1990’s; 1996 to be more precise. We have been told that it’s better for the world, that it can help us produce more crops that are bigger and healthier; that…

an important role in worms alimentary digestion by breaking down proteins. Pepsin is the first proteolytic enzyme used in the breaking down of protein, it breaks down the dietary protein into denatured and partially hydrolyzed protein. From there trypsin is used to break down the protein to small peptides and amino acids.Lastly the intestine transports the amino acids into the bloodstream See figure 2. Figure 2: Breaking Down protein. Utilisation of nutrients in the human…

Chapter-1 Introduction Bran is a outer most layer of the cereal grain and consists of the nucellar epidermis, seed coat, pericarp and aleurone. The aleurone layer consists of heavy walled, cube shaped cells which are composed primarily of cellulose. It is low in starch and high in minerals, fat, and protein. However, due to its thick cellulosic walls, these nutrients are unavailable for digestion in monogastric species. Bran from a wide array of cereal grains have been shown to have an…

Synthesis of PEG-RAFT agent The synthesis of the macro PEG -RAFT agent, Chain Transfer Agent (CTA), was performed by esterification method. Briefly, RAFT agent (0.4 g, 1.5 mmol) and dihydroxyl PEG (2g, 0.5 mmol) were dissolved in 35 mL of DCM in a 250 mL round bottom flask equipped with a magnetic stirrer. Then, it was placed in an ice bath (0 ºC); Next, DCC (0.25 g, 1.2 mmol) and DMAP (0.015 g, 0.12 mmol) were added. After 30 min of stirring at 0 °C, the reaction temperature is elevated to room…