and blood glucose remains constant. Nonetheless, when the bile is needed the gallbladder will contract and release the bile. Sodium bicarbonate neutralizes acid chyme from the stomach. Pancreatic amylase which is digestive enzymes digests starch, trypsin digests protein, and lipase digests fat. 5. Describe the location(s) in the digestion tract where each of the major types of nutrients (Carbohydrates, Lipids, and Proteins) are broken down.…
3.3.9. Encapsulation efficiency of drug loaded NPs The encapsulation efficiency (EE) was determined by weighing the amount of unloaded drug recovered from lyophilization of the supernatant obtained after centrifugation of NPs. The drug encapsulation efficiency was calculated according to the following equation: Encapsulation efficiency (%) = (Winitial/Wfree)/Winitial *100%. Where, Winitial and Wfree are the weight of initial drug and the weight of free drug determined in the supernatant after…
Acute pancreatitis occurs when the pancreas becomes severely inflamed (Buttaro, Terry, Trybulski, Bailey, Sandberg-Cook, 2013). The patient with pancreatitis usually present with a dull, boring pain of steady onset that gradually intensified until its really severe. The pain is usually in the mid-epigastric or upper abdomen. But it can also be on the left or right side. The pain may also radiate through the abdomen to the back. The pain usually last more than a day. Other symptoms often include…
First step is ingested food is taken into the mouth where it is torn into smaller physical parts by the teeth. The salivary enzymes; amylase and lipase are activated beginning the chemical breakdown of food. Salivary amylase divides starch into smaller glucose molecules. Physically the saliva hydrates and compacts the food for ideal propulsion through the pharynx and esophagus. Propulsion is activated voluntarily when we swallow; the tongue moves towards the hard palate of the mouth thus pushing…
Gluten in fact dominates the protein in the majority of `premium ` feeds. Because protein as coined by the Greeks means ‘of the first importance” is the foundation of the feed. It is from protein that all tissue is developed and maintained. If the diet’s protein component is not sound, (and in the case of the carnivore it should be the very soundest possible) then the diet will be unsound and result in breakdowns among the animals that consume it. Since gluten is one of the two major sources of…
vacuumed out of the T-25 flask and 4 ml of PBS was pipetted into the flask to wash cell. PBS was also vacuum out of the R-25 flask and 2 ml of trypsin was pipetted into the T-25 flask. The flask with trypsin was incubated for five minutes for total detachment of the cell that might be inside the flask. One milliliter (ml) of fresh medium with PSG was added to the Trypsin that was…
A prime example of this is baby food. An enzyme called Trypsin is used to predigest proteins in baby formulas and supplements. This process is important, as Trypsin is naturally produced in the pancreas. However in young children, infants, their pancreas does not produce enough of this enzyme to properly digest protein. Without the ability to digest proteins…
passaging or subculturing a flask of HeLa cells. This provides more room for cells to grow. The process included transferring the cells into a new flask in order for them to continue growth, using trypsin to dissociate adherent cells from the flask, which then makes it possible to neutralize the trypsin and do a cell count. In addition, we used phenol red as our indicator of successful buffering. It is important to note that the in vitro environment of cells needs to imitate the in vivo…
Food is taken in the mouth the first process is Mastication. This is the biting and chewing a feed breaking food into smaller particles. The incisor teeth cut and the molars grind. The food is mixed with saliva causing a breakdown of digestion of carbohydrates begins in the mouth, amylase is secreted and starts breaking down the carbs in the bread to form a bolus of food. This Bolus of food is pushed between the hard palate and the tongue mixing the bolus of food with saliva and pushing the…
Transfer supernatant to 1.5 ml tube and snap frozen in liquid nitrogen then kept at -80 °C until hormonal analysis. Trypsinization were used for harvesting live cell, 500 µl of pre-warmed trypsin-EDTA were added to each well and incubated at 37.5 °C for 5 min. Then dislodged cells from well by pipetting and to stop trypsin effect, 100 µl of heated inactivated fatal calve serum (HI FCS) were added to each well and mixed well. Transfer cell suspension into 1.5 ml Eppendorf tube, after that rinse…