Trophic level

Food Production In the United States On average an adult in the United States will eat about 1,825 lbs. of food each year. To provide food to over 300 million consumers, a lot of procedures must be conducted and followed. This demand has altered the ways of food production. “The average meal has ingredients that have traveled 1,500 miles to our table” (Smith 2). All these ingredients came from a farm. Mass producing food has made local farmers disappear. This disappearance has caused food more…

1. Describe the following cellular adaptations: atrophy, hypertrophy, hyperplasia, dysplasia (atypical hyperplasia), and metaplasia. Atrophy is when a cell adapts due to decreased trophic influences, the cell function is decreased and nutrition is decreased, this process decreases the cell size because it looses its subcellular organelles and substances often causing organs to decrease in size and function. Hypertrophy is the opposite of atrophy and causes the cells to enlarge and therefore…

The history of climate change as a science can be traced back to the 1860s, when physicist John Tyndall conducted experiments to understand molecular physics, particularly the heat-absorbing abilities of atmospheric gases. Tyndall found that molecules absorb more heat than their individual atomic components, and that the naturally-occurring greenhouse gas nitric oxide absorbs approximately one thousand times more infrared energy than nitrogen or oxygen alone. The concept of climate change as a…

and C.H. Stevenson. 1908. The Book of the Pearl. Century Co., New York. 548 pp. Layzer, J.B., Gordon, M.E., and R.M. Anderson. 1993. Mussels: the forgotten fauna of regulated rivers. A case study of the Caney Fork River. Regulated Rivers: Research & Management 8: 63-71. Lee, R.D. 1973. Allegheny River dredging study, June 1972 - July 1973. Unpublished report, Pennsylvania Fish Commission, Harrisburg. Lewandowski, K. and A. Stanczykowska. 1975. The occurrence and role of bivalves of the family…