Treaty of Lisbon

CASE NOTE: Inco Europe Ltd & Ors v First Choice Distribution & Ors I. INTRODUCTION This case bears a great importance on II. THE CASE A. FACTS Inco Europe was a dealer in non-ferrous metals traded on the London Metal Exchange. It had previously done business with Steinweg, owner of an approved LME warehouse for metals being traded on the exchange. The two have been in business together for at least three years preceding this collaboration. Inco Europe and Steinweg usually dealt on the terms…

‘Social Exclusion’ theory can be understood through many perspectives. With its origins in France in Europe it is important that this theory be better understood and analysed as it is paramount in shaping public policy that deals with exclusionary issues impacting some of the most vulnerable people in society today. This essay will first outline the origin of this theory. It will then move on to explain the various concepts of ‘Social Exclusion’ and the resulting impact this can have in…

A central theme in EU law is neutrality vis-à-vis questions of ownership, and consequently by its Article 345 of the Treaty of the Functioning of the European Union (TFEU), it refrains from subjecting member states to a duty to privatise. Both public and private market participants have been subject to equal legislative requirements, including rules relating to competition…

For the purpose of this essay it is necessary to compare the similarities and the differences between the two choose European states. The states that will be discussed are Britain and Germany. It is also essential to look at the causes and the root of the Great Depression. It is important to know the state of the countries before the Great Depression in order to learn why they seemed to experience such a detrimental effect. Finally, this essay will look at the lasting effects of the Great…

The implications of Brexit has been a popular topic of debate with negotiations currently underway. There are two possible approaches to Brexit commonly discussed: a soft Brexit versus a hard Brexit. The key difference between these two possible outcomes is whether or not the UK will remain a member of the EU’s single market. After separating from the EU, the most economically beneficial route would be that the UK joins the European Free Trade Association (EFTA) and European Economic Area (EEA),…

Agency for Sanitary Surveillance is a federal agency that is responsible for overseeing the production and registration of drugs, food additives, medical devices, and tobacco and tobacco products (USDA 2005). The Ministry of Health is very similar to the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), in the United States. The FDA is a federal agency that aims at protecting the health of consumers whether it is people or animals. Brazil is also looking at the labeling of genetically modified foods from…

Multi-level governance and federalism: a comparison of the models & a discussion on the future of the EU The purpose of this essay is to compare multi-level governance and federalism models in the sense of European Union and to discuss the future of the European Union based on these models. Firstly, I define what exactly multi-level governance and federalism models represent and what are the similarities and differences. Further on is a discussion about the developments of EU based on these…

of the extensive history of legislation present in the nation. Even though the United Kingdom is currently undergoing major changes with Brexit, much of the nation’s policies are still rooted deeply within the European Union’s policy. In 1957, the Treaty of Rome created the basis for gender equality in the United Kingdom. According to Article 119, all member states must legally provide equal pay for work of equal value, and this was applied to the United Kingdom when the nation decided to join…

Why South China Sea is victim of disputes? The South China Sea is intentionally sited. It is sited in a way that it overlaps the main lanes of the sea between Asia, Middle East and the Europe. It becomes the main international way for sea trade and transportation, where most of the world’s largest traffic passes. As a global concern, the geopolitical and economic importance of the South China Sea lessens the secure navigation of tanks in water. The region plays a strategic maritime and military…

Follesdal & Hix recognize numerous holes in Moravcsik’s arguments. Though the policies of the EU and voter preferences tend to always align, this is insufficient. Democrats, particularly libertarians, want strong safeguards to ensure that government will be accountable. They want reliable mechanisms to ensure there will be no misuse of power (Follesdal & Hix, 2006). Secondly, they stress that Moravcsik underestimated the importance of the deliberative and pluralist conception of democracy.…