Transparent materials

tonnes finish in oceans (Parker 2015). Only 15% of the total plastic production is recycled. The rest of the waste ends up in oceans, beaches, rivers and streets. In fact, the so-called Pacific Garbage Patch is constituted entirely by remnants of this material. Plastics are produced from fossil fuels, a source of clean energy, which causes emissions of greenhouse gases, and non-renewable because in a few years its reserves will be exhausted. But a solution to the problem of plastic waste could…

building is going to take place. The subsoil has to be able to carry these loads. The primary loads are natural loads, forces due to gravity. That are as follows; Dead load This is the permanent elements of the structure, a consistent load as the materials of the house will always be there. The architect can calculate this load. The objects involved are; • Floors • Walls • Ceilings • Slabs • Columns etc Imposed or live load This is the load of all the people in the building, for example in a…

due to various reasons: Uncertainties in loading or environment Defects in material Inadequacy in design Deficiency in construction or maintenance The strength of materials can be increased significantly. But sometimes this comes at the cost of reduced ductility of the material. For example, strength of steel can be increased by manipulating the microstructure. But this increases the brittleness of the material. Thus, a member can fail catastrophically due to crack formation and…

strengths that materials can be tested on: Comprehensive strength and Ultimate Tensile strength. Ultimate Tensile strength is measured by how much stress can a material withstand, while being stretched or pulled apart before breaking, while comprehensive strength is how much van the material resists while being pushed in (together). There is also a Yield Strength- the point at which the material starts to slowly break and cannot come back to it’s shape. Before the yield point of a material, it…

CHAPTER- 5 ANALYSIS OF STEEL LEAF SPRING ________________________________________________________________ The aim of this analysis is to study the multi-leaf steel leaf spring under loading conditions and verify those results within the allowable limits. ANSYS software is used to analyze the stresses and strains by performing static analysis for the given leaf spring specifications and modal analysis is performed to determine the natural frequencies and mode shapes to asses the behavior of the…

AC 2.3: Explain the method of making titanium alloy and investigate how the composition and structure of metal alloys, polymers and poly-matrix composites influence the properties of the parent material. 1. Extraction process. 2. Melting process. 3. Storage process. Extraction of Titanium by Kroll process: First titanium ore Rutile (TiO2) is taken. Rutile is converted into titanium sponge by the following process: Titanium tetrachloride (TiCl4) – a colourless compound is obtained as a result…

We often hear of zero plastic campaigns and may even find many stores that have implemented a no plastic system in their stores. These is because one of a major cause of pollution is the littering of plastic and the increasing plastic problems affecting everone around the world. Plastic has been known to help us in a lot of ways as it is used as a convenience such as packaging food, plastic bottles, wrapper, disposable forks and even as to contain all our groceries in one plastic bag. It is easy…

3 SHORE DUROMETER HARDNESS STRENGTH Hardness was defined as materials resisting property to prevent permanent indentation. Durometer is a measure of hardness in polymers, fibre and rubbers where it measures the indentation depth in the material. According to ASTM D2240 tests were conducted on specimen using Durometer in the room temperature [5]. The test is done on the surface by supplying load and measuring the indentation. The material under test must be a minimum of 6.4 mm thickness. It was…

Linear Horn: The linear horn, also known as the straight-sided horn, is a cone-shaped shell with no curvature, it is the oldest and simplest design. The pressure change through the horn is linear as a sound wave moves through it, so there is no distortion of the sound. The gradual change in the cross-sectional area of the horn decreases distortion and provides a good phase response due to compressed air in the throat. Devices intended to reproduce human voices, such as the megaphone, are…

Titanium is a low-density element (has 60% density of steel), that be able to be highly modified by alloying and distortion processing. Titanium is non magnetic, non toxic and has good heat transfer properties. Titanium and its alloys have melting points advanced those of steels, but maximum useful temperatures for structural applications usually range from 425-540C°. Titanium has good resistance to attack by most mineral acids and chlorides [ASM]. The combination of high strength, stiffness,…