Transmission electron microscopy

Coral Reef Bleaching Coral reef bleaching, which is the whitening of diverse invertebrate taxa. The cause of the whitening is “from the loss of symbiotic zooxanthellae and/or a reduction in photosynthetic pigment concentrations in zooxanthellae residing within the gastrodermal tissues of host animals.” (P.W.Glynn) The reason why coral reef bleaching is such a concern is because the “consequences of bleaching large numbers of reef-building scleractinian corals and hydrocorals.”(P.W.Glynn)…

When external antigen causes disease by infection, cell-mediated immune response in our body acts as basal defense system against exogenous pathogen. Native and adoptive immune system has established to attack infected cell by recognizing major histocompatibility complex (MHC). There are two major lymphocytes related to killing effect called cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) and natural killer (NK) cells.[1], CTLs and NK cells recognize peptide epitope present on MHC class I to find infected cell.…

sampling (White & Escolar 2000). Ahnadi et al., (2003) examined the destructive effects that EDTA have by studying the effects that various anticoagulants, such as EDTA and sodium citrate, have on platelet structure through the use of transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Their study shown that EDTA stimulates considerable and irreversible platelets activation. In these, the platelets not only increased in size but they also became more rounded as TEM micrographs…

Hereditary diseases are genetic disorders that occur when mutated genes carrying certain mutations are transferred from parents onto an offspring. Genes are the factors that codes for proteins and deficient form of gene cause due to mutation in genes give rise to deficient form of protein. Wolff-Parkinson-White (WPW) syndrome is a hereditary disease. WPW syndrome causes chronic heart disease which is associated with ventricular pre-excitation and a thicker ventricle muscle. Patients with the…

Silver nanoparticles have unique antimicrobial properties. They have a variety of applications: diagnostics, wound healing, pharmaceuticals, etc. These nanoparticles destroy bacterial cells walls and interrupt membrane integrity by their electrostatic attraction to the negatively charged bacterial cell walls [10]. Metal nanoparticles are usually synthesized by chemical techniques which is costly and highly toxic. Currently, there is a growing demand for alternative methods that would limit the…

Epidermolysis Bullosa (EB) is a group of inherited blistering disorders. Dystrophic Epidermolysis Bullosa (DEB) is the most severe of EB disorders. DEB causes the skin to become very fragile and blister easily. This potentially life-threatening disease is found in infants and newborns post-child birth. DEB is frequent in an estimated 6.5 million live births in the United States. Sadly, this disease is incurable and prone to cause those infected to live short-lived lives. In this research paper I…

3. Nanomedicine in the treatment of cardiovascular disease 3.1 Intervention in cardiovascular disease with liposome Delivery of therapeutics to targeted tissues is possible through the design and construction of nanoscale particles while reduced toxicity as well as higher efficiency is obtainable [67,68]. Liposomes have huge skillfulness with regard to physicochemical characteristics, permitting acclimatization of the tiny particle to dovetail to the exact biological application [69]. Building…

concentration of metal precursor, contact time and solution pH on the formation of AuNPs was evaluated to determine the optimum conditions for synthesis. As synthesized AuNPs were characterized by UV-Vis spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), energy dispersive X-ray analysis…

Problem Statement Industries are generated waste water, which contain dyes and pigments in waste water. Characteristically high in colour and organic content (Grag, et al., 2004). Dyes are widely used in industries such as textile, rubber, paper, plastic, and cosmetic. There are many of dyes exist in industries and one of them is methyl red and through nano zerovalent iron removal of dyes from waste water. Dye industry effluents constitute one of the most problematic wastewaters to be treated…

Nanoparticles (NPs) have piqued the interest of scientists because of their distinct physical, chemical and biological properties when compared to bulk material. These differences in characteristics can be attributed to the high surface-to-volume ratio (SA:V) of NPs compared to bulk material. Since NPs have a higher SA:V than bulk material, they are more reactive than their bulk counterparts; therefore, the surface characteristics of NPs can be easily manipulated. (Xuefei et al, 2014) Metal NPs…