Transmission electron microscopy

Fig.7, shows that, the insulator behavior of the PVA for pure PVA. But, with increasing the time of reaction there is an improvement in the electrical conductivity of the PVA-Ag nanocomposite films. Fig.7 shows that, the (I–V) characteristic of the samples, and the inset of Fig. 7 shows the relation between the conductivity and time of reaction. Then, the dc conductivity was calculated at the (voltage = 10 V) using the relation. (S/cm) Where (d) is the sample thickness, (A) is the area of…

Paragraph 1 The research done by Haines on how the atomic structure of FePO4 varies when temperature increases from 294K to 1073 shows few crystal chemical relationships between SiO2 and FePO4. There is a first order variation of cell parameters and atomic orientations with temperatures lower than 980K and α-phase plays a dominant role over β-phase at high temperature. For the α-phase FePO4, the cell parameters increase with a non-linear trend when temperature increases linearly. The volume…

SYMMETRY WRITING EXERCISE PARAGRAPH I FePO4 is a type of -quartz, and when the temperature is relatively low, FePO4 still has the tetrahedral structure as seen in Figure 1. The Fe-O-P bridging angles are more similar between the FePO4 and -quartz. Change in the cell parameters become more significant between temperatures of 294K and 1073K, and it slowly acquires an octahedral structure as the temperature increases. When temperature reaches 980K, the compound transitions and the tilt angles…

The lattice symmetry of quartz α-FePO4 is trigonal. Its space group is P3121. The lattice symmetry of quartz β-FePO4 is hexagonal. It space group is P6422. According to the article, only two of the various quartz homeotypes which exhibit alpha-beta transitions have been studied in detail at high temperature. One of them is Silicon Dioxide. As such, it is possible for silicon dioxide to have the same structure when the chemistry is completely different. Since iron…

A large portion of the book Alice in Quantumland tries to help Alice make sense of wave interference. The Classical Mechanic leads Alice to a place referred to as the gedanken room, meaning the thinking room. In said room, anything that one thinks appears as substance, making it possible to perform quantum experiments. The Classical Mechanical then proceeds to explain interference by a simple definition to Alice. “Interference is something that happens with waves. You can have all kinds of waves…

In order to know more about nitrate, we actually must understand what a polyatomic ion is. A polyatomic is an ion which consist of molecules, thus, it may also be referred as a molecular ion. Two or more atoms covalently bond or share electron pairs with each other to make up a polyatomic ion. Once they have bonded, they become considered as a whole single ion. Moreover, it is known to have a charge, most polyatomic ions have a negative charge but there is an exception with a positive charge. In…

He was able to find the charge of an electron with an experiment involving passing oil through an electrically charged plate with a hole in the center. Using this newfound charge and the determined mass-to-charge value of an electron, “you obtain an electron mass of 9.109 x 10-31 kg, which is more than 1800 times smaller that the lightest atom” (Ebbing and Gammon, 47). Some years later, in 1911,…

Ultrafast Electron Microscopy has been demonstrated to be an effective table-top technique for imaging the temporally-evolving dynamics of matter with subparticle spatial resolution on the time scale of atomic motion. A stringent enhancement of the UEM temporal resolution is demanded for recording snapshots of the electron motion which will provide a real-time access to all microscopic motions outside the atomic core and radically change our insight into the workings of the microcosm. Here, we…

had the highest E/GPa value of 212.77 E/GPa compared with all the other materials used. Steel is a metal, so it is made up of metallic bonds, which means that the element largely consists of positive ions (positive charge) and delocalized electrons (free electrons of negative charge), the repulsion is balanced within the atom, a main reason to why metals are non-reactive to other elements. However one disadvantage of the using steel is because it consists of iron atoms. Iron is reactive to…

oxygen it makes a covalent bond. A covalent bond relates to the outer shell of electrons (valence shell) being shared with the neighbouring molecule for them to bond. A covalent bond only occurs between two non-metals, the molecules share electrons to achieve full valence shells for the molecule to be stable. In the case of water the two hydrogens and one oxygen share electrons to get the hydrogen molecules with two electrons in their outer shells and…