Transmembrane protein

Cell penetrating peptides are proteins or peptides that typically consist of 5-30 amino acids. These peptides are unique in that they are able to cross cell membranes and other barriers throughout the body such as the blood brain barrier, intestinal and nasal mucosa, and even skin. Using CPPs, scientists are now able to explore their potential as a means of transporting cargo into cells and across bio barriers. With their ease of preparation and generally nontoxic nature, CPPs have gained a…

diet. The RDA recommends we consume 0.8 grams of protein for every Kg that a person weighs. Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. (2002) Proteins consists of amino acids, these are often referred to as its building blocks. Human beings have a biological requirement for amino acids and cannot synthesise 9 of the 20 most common. These 9 are called the essential amino acids and must be a part of our diet in order to make all the necessary proteins. Red meat has high amounts of these…

Bacterial Transformation Ian Nall BIO 181 | Section #73116 | Wednesday 1:30-4:15pm Abstract This experiment was designed to test the properties of bacterial transformation. The bacteria used was E. coli, the protein being added to it is called Green Fluorescent Protein or GFP from a jellyfish the Aequorea victoria. The GFP, in the form of a plasmid called pGLO, was added to a sample of E. coli and a control was created of E. coli without it. The E. coli was then placed in either…

Transforming Genetic Material To E. Coli Using Plasmids Proteins are created within the body through a process known as central dogma. This process is the transcription of DNA to RNA and the translation of RNA to proteins. The type of protein created relies on what type of messenger RNA or mRNA that was produced during the transcription of DNA. In our experiment, we looked at the specific LacZ gene that codes for beta-galactosidase, which is a protein/enzyme that can break down lactose into its…

changing its position, the iron molecule pulls the histidine. The histidine position relative to the remainder of the hemoglobin subunit therefore changes. These changes in the position of iron molecule and histidine causes the conformation of the protein to change. Hemoglobin therefore exist in duo state both chemically and structurally (Iwasa,…

This writing presents the structure of proteins, their importance for life and processes under which they are made. It will also describe two groups of proteins and give some examples. Proteins (also called polypeptides, peptides or amino acids) are large polymers and main components of cells. They are produced by condensation reaction from amino acid monomers, therefore proteins are called condensation polymers. Each protein is formed by a unique sequence of 20 naturally occurring amino…

Q1) Each subunit in the protein consists of two domains – a large domain for the binding of ATP and a smaller domain for the binding of fructose-6-phosphate. Q2) The αβα sandwich are tightly packed together and are separated by a large interface from another subunit. Each domain contains several beta sheets in between anywhere between two to four alpha helices. Q3) Most of the β sheets are parallel, although there are a few antiparallel beta stands in the large domains. The α helices are…

What is Gene therapy? Gene therapy is the process of supplementing or replacing a gene in order to treat a medical condition. This type of therapy allows the body to make the protein that is not being made by the missing or malfunctioning gene. Introduction of new genes through vectors overrides the malfunctioning gene and contributes to normal functioning of the body. The process begins when the modified DNA is inserted into a virus vector. Then, the vector binds to the cell membrane. After the…

Introduction: One of the most common mass spectrometry–based proteomic methodologies used to day is the bottom up protein identification. First, the protein has to be digested into peptides using a protease. Then, the peptide will be submitted to the URMC Proteomics Resource and Laboratory for analysis using LC-MS/MS tandem mass spectrometry. In this approach, the peptides will be separated and introduced into a mass spectrometer using reversed phase liquid chromatography (RC-LC). This…

Dehydration Synthesis process and the Macromolecules. I’ll start with the Macromolecules. These molecules are the four molecules all living things need to survive. The four molecules are Proteins, DNA, Carbohydrates, and Lipids. Each of these molecules is made of Carbon, Hydrogen, and Oxygen at the very least. Proteins have Nitrogen as an added element, and DNA has Phosphate and Nitrogen. The base structure of each molecule has a carbon skeleton. This means that structures have Carbon as the…