Transmembrane protein

determined by the antigenic differences in their structural components nucleoprotein and matrix protein (M1) (Bourmakina and García-Sastre, 2005). Both nucleoproteins and MI proteins are crucial to the survival of the virus. In Influenza A’s RNA, it’s genomes call for 9 structural and 2 nonstructural proteins (Noda, 2011). In Influenza B’s RNA, it’s genomes call for 10 structural and 1 nonstructural protein (Noda, 2011). Of these three categorizes of Influenza, Influenza A is then broken down…

contamination protein), where the amounts of exosome protein were still uncertain. To solve this issue, we tested 10% of each tag-labeled sample using LC-MS/MS before mixing, and obtained the amount of exosome protein by a label-free method. High-abundance contamination proteins including all forms of IgG and FN were deleted from the list of identified proteins. The remaining proteins were assumed to be derived from exosomes. Then, all peptide intensities of exosome proteins were log2…

3.1: Ligand preparation: A series of benzimidazole derivatives were used to prepare the ligand dataset using benzimidazole as the query molecule. All the inhibitors selected comply with the Lipinski rule of five. A total of 50 molecules were taken up for the study. 3.2 Virtual screening: To further screen the compounds, additional similarity metrics were calculated by ROCS. ROCS is a shape based superposition method used to perceive similarity between molecules based on their three dimensional…

Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are a class of host defence peptides found in all living organisms. They exhibit significant activity against bacteria, virus, fungi and several other pathogens. AMPs share certain common features. (a) They are small molecules with varying amino acid composition and length. (b) They are cationic, due to the presence of positively charged basic amino acids and (c) amphipathic, since they contain alternate hydrophobic nonpolar and hydrophilic, polar residues. AMPs are…

1. Pyrimidines are heterocyclic aromatic amines which, together with purines, form nucleotides. Nucleotides are the building blocks of nucleic acids, the basic structural component of DNA and RNA. The pyrimidines in DNA are cytosine and thymine, and in RNA uracil replaces thymine (Bettelheim, Brown, Campbell, Farrell & Torres, 2013). 
DNA and RNA are found in the nuclei of all cells and their job is to transmit the information needed for cellular growth and reproduction (Averill & Eldredge,…

nucleotide sequencing analysis presented a 1988-bp long gene (gene bank accession number: AB481200) and encoded a 595-amino acid peptide (gene bank accession number: BAH22706) (Fig. 1) with a computer-calculated molecular weight of 66.64-KDa. The protein has a signal peptide of 30 amino acids (Signal 3). The nucleotide sequence had 98.2 % identity with the sequence reported in the B. bigemina genome sequence at Sanger institute. The…

interpretation is transported out through atomic pores. Numerous proteins are integrated at the Endoplasmic reticulum. The ribosomes tie to the ER (a film bound organelle) and make an interpretation of the RNA message into protein that either navigates the layer (like a protein channel does) or is inside the ER in a vesicle (for solvent proteins that are emitted by the cell by exocytosis... like development elements and hormone proteins) (Meiner,…

treat the disease. Infliximab is an example of a drug that is used to treat CD by targeting a proinflammatory cytokine called tumour necrosis factor-α (Colombel, 2010). Mechanism of action of Infliximab Tumour necrosis factor-α is a type II transmembrane protein that is released by active T…

multifunctional protein, beta-catenin (CTNNB1) acts on many critical roles in the cell life cycle, including cell differentiation, proliferation and cell-cell contact (Ozwan et al., 1989), CTNNB1 plays a central role in canonical WNT signaling pathway to success the gene transcription process (Clevers and Nusse., 2012). Regulation and degradation of CTNNB1 take place at the cellular level through phosphorylation of serine and/or threonine amino acid residues. Specific kinase proteins…

Smad proteins in the resting state realize passive nucleo cytoplasmic shuttling, that is controlled by two opposing signals: the nuclear localization signal (NLS) in the MH1 domain and the nuclear export signal (NES) in the MH2 domain. Then they interact with DNA binding proteins or directly regulate transcriptional activity, either as monomers or in association with Smad4 (Carreira et al.,…