Transformational grammar

that the phonological component is interpretive. It takes the surface form of a sentence and converts it into a phonetic representation through the means of phonological rules, perhaps similar to syntactic transformations (Keiler, 202). These morphophonemic rules set boundaries for different categories of distinctive features, such as voicing and nasality. In this phonological sense, the deep structure is the given sentence, and the surface structure is the spoken result after a speaker applies the morphophonemic rules. In both phonology and syntax, deep structures that undergo transformations are “defined in ways that vary only to a small degree among languages” (Keiler, 202). As Keiler explains, there are two types of constraints on grammar, formative and substantive, and both may hold certain universals. Considering substantive constraints, there are around forty phonological structures that are universal, which connects back to Bernstein’s theory of possible monogenesis. Bernstein saw these structures and believed they may form a connection to a shared parent language. However, as earlier explained, and as Bernstein admits, monogenesis is difficult if not impossible to prove due to the lack of written evidence for a parent language. Although Bernstein’s phonological beliefs of musical monogenesis were unfounded, his intuition that a deep connection exists between music and language may be correct, primarily through the concept of a deep versus surface structure. His…

manners", and comprises of tenets about right and off base use. Truly, "appropriate" or Standard English can be followed to the lingo talked by instructing individuals in the London region a few hundred years’ prior (Asselin). The concept of learning grammar, or even being taught grammar isn’t something new. Grammar dates back to the beginning of language and the term has been used for centuries. [The term ‘grammar’ comes from the Greek expression grammatike tekhne, meaning "art of letters,"…

According to Widodo (2006), a deductive approach is making use of knowledge from general to specific. In teaching grammar, this approach is called rule- driven approach as well. In this type, grammar knowledge is explicitly imparted then; teachers explain and reinforce their learners’ comprehension with some practical activities. According to Widodo as well, in deductive approach learners feel comfortable while doing their exercises because they feel safe from committing grammatical errors.…

author. I was unsure of the proper placement of colons and semicolons. I was unable to define a pronoun-antecedent agreement. I consistently wrote in the passive voice. I read and wrote with more of an instinctual feeling of what was and was not correct, depending on how it sounded in my mind, rather than with structure and grammatical correctness at the forefront of my consciousness. Throughout this course, however, I gained knowledge of the technical aspect of the English language. I…

However, when he writes on his own, his writing lacks meaning, correct use of grammar, organization and a good sequential order. As shown in his writing assessment, he is unable to write more than one paragraph and struggles to write one paragraph independently due to his struggles to come up with ideas and construct complete sentences. He needs to work on grammar, detail, organization, transitions and elaboration in his writings. For example, the writing assessment asked Isaac to write about…

can ask questions. It is more satisfying to know that someone understands you and that goes for both the consultant and the writer. Working with the writers one-on-one in the writing center was not unlike that of peer tutoring. The writers received individual attention and the focus was not a particular piece of text, but rather the larger issues that were manifested in their writing. Bruffee’s “Peer Tutoring and the ‘Conversation of Mankind’” suggests that peer tutoring should be an alternative…

open. Having more inclusive thoughts will helps others be more willing to connect which supports Cronon’s goals of making connections and being better-rounded. Someone’s overall outlook about someone else will be more positive and inclusive. Not only will the individual be speaking more inclusively, but their thoughts will be that way as well. Just like speaking inclusively helps others’ feel more comfortable, so do more inclusive thoughts. People will not already have a preconceived notion…

1. Introduction This paper presents a sentence to analyze how constituents function and the four test that can be used to prove the constituent. Linguist consider a constituent to be a structural unit made of a word or words that create the sentence and other phrases as well. In (1) the sentence that is analyzed and the constituents that are going to be tested are presented. Branches are used to show the boundaries that form the constituents. 1. Sentence and Constituents a. He might have been…

I never was the writer who lived a rich life grand with detailed stories that gave them initial inspiration on my creation of a character, detail of a line or the crafting of a setting/scenario. I just started with something out of the ordinary and built off it. I will say that the only initial theme quantities I enforce are biblical allusions or themes that work as political commentary on religious matter. No matter what I am writing about it try my best to express a political statement or…

When LaMarian Watkins was a young boy in elementary school, his mother, an aspiring school teacher, would sit him down and tell him to read and write for two hours every day. His mother wanted to make sure he had a strong reading and comprehending level at a young age. She knew it was imperative to have knowledge built on a strong foundation. This continued until Mr. Watkins attended Hickory Ridge Middle School in Memphis, TN where he started to write on his own for pleasure. During middle…