Transferrin

cellular sites is regulated by a protein called hepcidin, when iron is low hepcidin is reduced and ferroportin is increased which binds to iron and brings it into the cell. The iron is then transferred from the cytoplasm of enterocytes to plasma transferrin which binds free levels of iron in the blood and therefore attempting to increase levels of iron.1 Iron is found mostly in hemoglobin for the transfer of oxygen and the increased demand in pregnancy overcomes the compensatory mechanism for…

Cerebrovascular Accident (CVA), also referred to as a “stroke” is a life-threatening medical condition that occurs when there is diminished blood flow being delivered to the brain. The two major types of strokes are ischemic and hemorrhagic. An ischemic stroke occurs when there is an obstruction in the brain caused by a blood clot and a hemorrhagic stroke results in sudden bleeding in the brain when a blood vessel ruptures. National Institute of Neurological Disorders [NIND] (2011) reports that…

Significant classes incorporate cytotoxins, neurotoxins, and enterotoxins (Peterson, 1996). Siderophores: Siderophores are press restricting variables that enable a few microbes to contend with the host for press, which is bound to hemoglobin, transferrin, and lactoferrin (Peterson,…

Lab #5 Assignment: Protein Analysis by SDS-PAGE Introduction: Different cells and tissues express different proteins because of gene expression. Gene basically reflects what the protein will be and also its function. The expression must be controlled by some kind of regulation in the processes of transcription and translation. For example, in transcription, enhancer sequences provide binding sites for regulatory proteins that will affect RNA polymerase activity. On a related note, the size of…

With blood smear analysis they were able to see that the mice studied showed the same effects expected to see in thalassemic patients. Red blood cell count, hemoglobin, hematocrit, red cell distribution had all decreased significantly were as reticulocytes, which are immature red blood cells without a nucleus in thalassemic mice when compared to the wild type. Using dual energy x-ray absorptiometry, they found that in the trabecular sites such as the femoral metaphysis, tibial metaphysis, and…

food. Once Gliadin reaches the small intestine it binds to secretory IgA in the mucosal membrane. In normal digestion, when a substance binds to IgA it is marked for cell destruction, but in Celiac Disease the IgA gliadin complex binds to the TFR (transferrin receptor) and is then transported across the cells to the lamina propria, where gliadin is deamidated by tTG(transglutaminase) and then consumed by macrophages. MHC II (Major Histocompatibility Complex) presents Gliadin on its surface for…

There are many diseases in the world that are deadly but acted as an evolutionary advantage in the past to help us, humans survive, reproduce and evolve into the species that we are now. For example, in Survival of the Sickest by Doctor Sharon Moalem and Jonathan Prince, it discusses diseases such as hemochromatosis, diabetes, and favism or glucose 6 phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency which all are deadly but helped humans survive in the past. Hemochromatosis is an inherent…

children from developing countries to create a global map of nutritional deficiency trends. This information will be used to track the impact of nutritional status on disease susceptibility and development. My role was to assess iron levels through transferrin receptor detection by ELISA assays in six-month infant serum samples across multiple countries. This global research project gave me an insight on how important field research and bench research is needed to generate evidence to bring a…

Introduction: LC-MS is used for the bioanalysis of small molecules drugs, which has molecular mass of less than 800 Da. Now a days, it is also frequently used for the bioanalytical determination of biopharmaceuticals.1 In pharmaceutical R & D, it takes a year to develop a new marketing drug identified from thousands of new compounds. The drug discovery is divided into early and late phase, during which pharmacokinetics study or bioanalysis of a drug is done. Once, the bioanalysis of a drug is…

This section introduces the background of gene therapy in Parkinson’s Disease, especially on brain cells targeting therapy. It provides the rationale for further proposal of brain cell targeted PD therapy based on Ultrasound-meditated microbubble delivered AAV vector or RNAi. 1.Parkinson’s Disease, a common CNS disorder with no adequate treatment in pharmacological approaches Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive, central nervous system (CNS) disorder, belonging to a group of conditions…