Transcription

BRMS1 PROMOTER AND METASTATIC BREAST CANCER BRMS1, a functional gene, is composed of 10 exons and ranged from 7.8kb of genomic DNA. It is a member of mSIN3-HDAC transcription co-repressor complex and resides normally in the nucleus. Product of alternative splicing, two mRNA transcripts, which are in turn translated into two distinct proteins, 246 amino acids and 290 amino acids. When the structure of BRMS1 promoter is studied, two hyper methylated cytosine-phosphoguanine (CpG)…

HIF (hypoxia inducible factor) activators or stabilizers are oral compounds that act via the HIF pathway to stimulate EPO production.22This is an easier method of administration compared to rhEPO, which needs injections. In consequence, they are less visibly detectable and less painful to use. These compounds include chemical elements such as Xenon, Argon and Cobalt.22 Recently in the 2014 winter Olympic Games, Russian athletes were caught abusing HIF activators.22Normally, the HIF pathway is…

regularly found in operons. Genes in an operon were transcribing as a group. They have a particular promoter. One another operon consist regulatory sequence of DNA. This can act as binding site for regulatory proteins. They stimulate or inhibit the transcription. Regulatory proteins often bind to the minor molecules. Which able to make the protein active/ inactive. By varying the capability to bind DNA. Some operons are inducible. That they be able to turn on by the presence of single minor…

Rad8 is a conserved protein, it was previously reported to be sensitive towards both UV and gamma irradiation during G1/S period in Schizosaccharomyces pombe (Doe et al., 1993). It consists of three conserved domains, including E3 ubiquitin ligase motif, SNF2 helicase domain, and a family specific HIRAN domain. Rad8 is required for error-free post-replication repair by contributing to polyubiquitylation of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA). Up-regulation (12.52-fold) of Rad8 indicated…

• Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a type of cancer that affects the bone marrow and the blood. It disrupts the normal bodily production of the white blood cells, red blood cells and platelets. • Acute simply means it is fast growing, therefore fatal if not treated quickly. Myeloid refers to the lineage it comes from. As for AML, it is from the myeloid lineage. And lastly leukemia is the disease of the cancer of the blood cells from the bone marrow. AML are caused by various factors but…

record the participants. The video recording will be used for missed observations of non-verbal communication. Finally, the investigator will utilize a notepad for noticeable moments to review and or highlight during transcription and video review analysis. Upon completion of transcription from voice and video recordings, the researcher will note various themes of the participants mindfulness practice to determine if the proposed research questions have been answered to narrow the gap in…

Drosophila melanogaster, a species of common fruit flies, is widely used for biological research in studies amongst geneticists around the world. For many different reasons, these miniature organisms have become a favorite model organism for geneticists, biologists, physiologists, and many other scientists today, the obvious ones being their low cost, easy maintenance, ten-day generation time, and the fact that they produce large quantities of progeny. Besides these reasons, this species has…

effects of extreme dehydration. Under these conditions, DNA is naturally driven into the A form, thus protecting it from further damage. Switching to the A conformation has also been highlighted as a means of creating a more stable structure for transcription. A HIV reverse transcriptase was shown to switch the DNA to the A form before proofreading, in order to improve the accuracy and reduce errors. Other functions of A-DNA have been shown in protein binding, such as to CAP and…

polypeptide is determined by 3-letter codes in the messenger RNA. “Synthesis of RNA deriving from a DNA template is known as the transcription process. Only one strand of DNA is imitative. After transcription, the DNA strands rejoin.” (Gene expression n.d) Ribosomes that synthesize proteins consuming the mature messenger RNA transcript produced during the transcription process, happens during the Translation process. Recombinant DNA is produced by merging DNA from two or more outlets. The…

The importance of noncoding DNA sequences Since the completion of Human Genome Project in 2003, it was found that more than 98% of human genome is occupied by noncoding DNA sequences (Genome.gov, 2003), existing between genes and as introns within genes (Figure-1). In genomic, noncoding DNA regions are defined as the sequences of an organism’s DNA, which do not code for proteins. Although it has been known for decades that some of these sequences code for noncoding RNAs that…