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language into another. The Main Difference: Translation Is Written While Interpretation Is Oral. 2. Translation versus Transcription While translation is the process of converting written text between languages, transcription is the process of converting spoken or motioned language into written form. The Main Difference: Translation Is A Text – Text Relationship, While Transcription Is A Oral/Motioned – Text Relationship. 3. Translation versus Localization As mentioned before, translation…

animals. Having shown success in animal models these scientists focused on intact human islets (apparently from donors without T1D). Artemether treatment of human islets in vitro (in Petri dishes) resulted in the reduced expression of α cell transcription factor ARX and increased insulin content compared to the untreated islets from the same donor. Moreover, in the presence of high glucose concentrations, significant more insulin was secreted by artemether-treated islets than from those…

nitrogen base. For the cells to produce proteins from DNA a process referred as the central dogma is needed to convert DNA instructions to proteins. The central dogma explain the flow of genetic material; starting with replication of DNA then transcription of DNA to RNA and finally translation from RNA to protein. DNA replication is needed to conserve the continuous gene expression. In most prokaryotes and eukaryotes DNA is double stranded, and during replication the strands split in half…

The role of the circadian clock in Imiquimod-induced skin inflammation Introduction The circadian rhythm is a biological system that allows organisms to synchronize their activities to the coming and going of light in their external environment. All living organisms contain this biological clock that helps coordinate physiological activities, such as eating, sleeping, and reproducing, to promote survival. In mammals, the principal regulator of the circadian clock is a group of nerve cells known…

Feedback loops, driven by basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH)-PAS (Period-Arnt-Single-minded) heterodimer, more specifically, the transcription factors BMAL1/CLOCK or BMAL1/NPAS2. These act as positive activators of Cryptochrome (Cry1 and Cry2) and Period (Per1, Per2 and Per3), which ultimately function as transcriptional repressor targets; found downstream of BMAL1/CLOCK, BMAL/NPAS2 or…

CDH2 CDH2 gene codes for the protein N-cadherin, also known as Cadherin-2 (CDH2), or neural cadherin (NCAD). Studies on this gene has discovered that it is located on Chromosome 18-NC_000018.10, assembly GRCh38.p2 on humans, and contains 20 exons.(9) N-cadherin is one of the classification of the cadherin superfamily, and is composed of five extracellular cadherin repeats, highly conserved cytoplasmic tail and a transmembrane region. This protein’s purpose is to mediate cell-cell adhesion by…

and MBD1 which recruits histone modifying enzymes to remove acetyl or add methyl modifications on histone tails. This allows the open chromatin to condense as nearby histones fold to block transcription from occurring. DNA methylation can interfere with recognition and binding of positively acting transcription factors also accounting for its inhibitory nature. There are three types of DNA methyltransferase (DNMT) enzymes that can be recruited when methylated histones bind chromodomain…

My top 5 Interest Scales are Healthcare Services, Athletics, Medical Science, Military, and Counseling and Helping. I have searched each one of these careers because I am interested in them. I think it’s cool that I have searched these occupations before. They aren’t something new to me, I guess I could say I know myself pretty well. I have thought about joining the ROTC and doing something in the medical field with that. I have also thought of being a school counselor. Helping people is really…

disease are called the nucleotide excision repair (NER) enzymes. There are two types of NER that exist: global genome (GG-NER) and transcription coupled…

remodeling proteins and complexes to reposition nucleosomes and take part in many DNA-related processes. [10] In particular, acetylation, catalyzed by histone acetyltransferase(HATs), is thought to loosen histone-DNA interactions and facilitate transcription, replication, and DNA damage repair.…