Tramadol

Kidney stones What are kidney stones? Kidney stones (nephrolithiasis) are salts or crystals that precipitate in the urinary tract. These stones are typically made up of elements such as calcium (most common), uric acid, magnesium ammonium phosphate, or cysteine. The urinary tract begins with the kidneys, which empty urine into the ureters, which then drain urine into the bladder and finally the urethra. Stones can be located anywhere along the urinary system from the kidneys to the bladder.…

Kapp, Maurer, Auwärter, Winkelmann, and Hermanns-Clausen (2011) describe a case of a 25-year-old male who developed jaundice and pruritus after ceasing to ingest Kratom. The patient had been using Kratom acquired “via the Internet (www.thai-kratom)” for two weeks (Kapp et al., 2011, para. 3). On the second day after having quit taking the Kratom powder the man began experiencing subjective fever and chills. Restlessness and insomnia was also reported by the patient, possibly signalling…

DOI: 8/20/2009. Patient is a 65-year-old female stocker who sustained injury to her bilateral hand and wrists from performing her job duties. As per OMNI entry, she was diagnosed with carpal tunnel syndrome, status post carpal tunnel release; and trigger fingers. IW was deemed at maximum medical improvement (MMI) by QME Dr. Choi on 06/20/13 with 0% permanent disability and on 07/14/16, with 0% whole person impairment. Based on the progress report dated 04/28/16, the patient complains of…

Objective findings showed tenderness over the bilateral knee. There was facial tenderness with swelling and abrasion. He was diagnosed with a periorbital hematoma of the left eye, a muscle strain of the right shoulder, and contusion of the knee. Tramadol was recommended for…

Opioids Definition and Classification 1. Definition It is important to distinguish between opium, opiate and opioid. According to Vallejo et al. (2011, page E343), opium is a natural extract from the opium poppy, whereas opiates and opioids are its derivatives. Natural alkaloids derived of opium are generally called opiates, whereas opioids (opium-like) can be either natural or synthetic. The most common known opioids are morphine, codeine, fentanyl, hydrocodone, oxycodone, etc. (Vallejo et al.,…

It changes the mental state of an individual causing him/her to use Nicotine more frequently. Soon enough, the body will need a stronger proportion, which leads to more powerful drugs such as tramadol or weed as it is a form of a cigarette too. Majority of teenagers smoke nowadays because they believe that by smoking, they can solve their life problems and complications but the truth, it only causes more problems. Smoking can cause loads of…

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a common, progressive, degenerative joint process where the articular cartilage layer on the ends of bones at the joints deteriorates, and the bone plate gets thicker and more sclerotic. Additionally, this affects the joint’s protective mechanisms including ligaments and muscle. OA is manifested as a monoarticular or polyarticular phenomenon and is often asymmetric. It can occasionally appear as a more generalized disease. OA usually begins asymptomatically when the…

This assignment will analyse and critically discuss a scenario from clinical placement that assesses a range of physical and mental health needs of individuals of all ages and provide safe and effective care prior to accessing or referring to a specialist. I will be using Rolfe, Jasper and Freshwater’s reflective framework (2001) as a structure to show a developing understanding of professional knowledge and skills. Patients and placement provider’s names have been omitted or changed to ensure…

A widely misunderstood and sometimes misdiagnosed chronic condition commonly characterized by widespread muscle pain, fatigue, concentration issues and sleep problems is known as Fibromyalgia. For the longest time muscle pains have been known as rheumatism and then as muscular rheumatism. Rheumatism is any disease marked by inflammation and pain in the joints. People who have been diagnosed with rheumatoid arthritis and lupus are at increased risk of also developing fibromyalgia. Fibra (Latin)…

Opioids, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and local anaesthetics are three types of analgesic drugs that have been studied as potential analgesic agents in fish.16 Opioid analgesic drugs exert their effects through the activation of mu-, delta- and kappa-opioid receptors, thus inhibiting and modulating pain signals.88 Morphine is a pure mu-opioid receptor agonist with a great hypoalgesic effect and very used in veterinary medicine.89 Since pure mu-agonist opioids cause addiction in…