Toxicology

Lead, or Pb2+, is a naturally occurring toxicant, which was used in lead-based paints. The impact of lead poisoning in adults is far less serious than it is on child exposed whilst still developing. Pb2+ has the ability to pass through the blood-brain barrier as well as through the placenta into a developing fetus. A pregnant woman exposed to small amounts of lead that may not harm her leads the way for long-term effects on the child’s learning and memory due to the blocking of NMDA receptors in…

Toxicity is the levels of chemical which causes harm to organism. A median level toxicity, LD50 is the levels of chemical required to kill half the population on organisms. LD50 metrics is used to define toxicity and any level beyond this measure is considered lethal causing acute toxicity and mortality. At No observed adverse effect level (NOAEL) , there is no biologically or statically significant adverse effect of exposure on organism. The exposure level in minimum and the risk is acceptable…

Background: Lead is a neurotoxin that is exceedingly harmful to human health. The government attempted to ban lead in products such as paint and gasoline. However, lead can still found in soil. Most recreational parks where children play have soil that contain lead. Exposure to lead may cause similar health conditions to anemia. Uncontaminated soil contains lead concentrations less than 50 parts per million (ppm). Yet soil lead levels in many areas exceed 200 ppm. The research will highlight…

Toxicity Testing and Determining the LC50 Introduction This report discusses an experiment of Toxicity test done in Richland lab to determine the LC50, a test that is used to find out what concentration of a substance in this case household chemicals that will kill 5o percent of the population of the brine shrimps, with the exposure household chemicals such as , Ammonia, Bleach, and Vinegar, and the morality with each solutions. I and my group splitte the Brine shrimps into 4 containers,…

The beginnings to animal testing were used for common colds, then the testing varieties grew, which caused protests against animal cruelty and helped us find alternatives to animal testing, which should be used in place of the current practices. The three Greek physician-scientists who started animal testing were Aristotle, Erasistratus, and Galen. The practice of using animals for biomedical research has come under severe criticism by animal protection and animal rights groups. This practice…

Subject Organisms For this experiment, I used Daphnia magna and Daphnia pulex that was cultured from stocks from Aquatic Bio Systems Inc. (Fort Collins, CO). Each species was cultured individually in 900 mL glass jars filled with moderately hard water. I created moderately hard water using the recipe as follows: 0.473 g CaSO4 , 0.959 g NaHCO3 , 1.223 g MgSO4 • 7H2O , and 0.039 g KCl per 10 L of deionized water. All references to water for the remainder of the paper refers to moderately hard…

Lipstick and Lead Poisoning Throughout history many unhealthy substances, including lead, have been used as ingredients during the various times in the history of makeup. Modern day cosmetics are more controlled, regulated and their ingredients and the potential side effects are more fully understood. However, recent research by the Campaign for Safe Cosmetics and the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) indicate that there are approximately 400+ best-selling lipsticks on the market today that…

As a parent, we are told from the first sign of pregnancy on what to do, when to do it, how to do it. A woman is not allowed to have lunch meat, or alcohol during pregnancy. When the baby is born, we as parents are told what immunizations a baby needs, and how many times. We are even told how to feed the baby, breastfeeding is pushed and formula is frowned upon. When a parent chooses formula, we are told what kind, how often to feed the Baby. Even the pediatricians that we take our children to…

The first source was a bathtub faucet which was measured in a closed bathroom. It was measured about six inches from the faucet only getting 75.7dBA. The second source was an all metal toolbox closing. Measured six inches from the source, while it is only a quick increase at 90.1Dba, everyday exposure can be damaging. The next source was an acoustic guitar being strummed in my apartment. The meter was roughly one foot away on a table. This was under the minimum requirement to be considered…

Lead poisoning occurs when there is an immense build-up of lead in a person’s body. This can happen over the course of a couple of months, to years. It is extremely serious and can sometimes turn into a fatal condition. Lead is usually found in certain paints, art supplies, or contaminated dust. It can enter the human body through inhalation or consumption. While lead poisoning can be cured, its effects cannot be reversed. The most well-known case of lead poisoning in our present time is Flint…