Toxicity

Animal testing uses outdated and archaic testing procedures. In the article “Alternatives to the use of animals in research, testing and education” Jayshree Vencatesan, and advocate of Animal rights who works at Care Earth, describes how in the medical field of humane science there are three R’s every method of testing must follow. The three R’s include: replacement, refinement, and reduction. These must be used when determining alternative methods of testing. Vencatesan states that the most…

of magnesium in their body. Magnesium has specific recommended consumption level. If there is not enough magnesium in the body, it can cause multiple problems or illnesses. The same applies to having too much magnesium in the body. Deficiency or toxicity of magnesium disrupts mineral homeostasis, which is when the minerals have a stable environment. Magnesium has many functions, but its main function is to regulate reactions that happen…

drug and they do not have any acute or chronic toxicity. The excipients are also added into the Nimodipine 0.02% solution to enhance the biological activity of the drug. Nimodipine is a yellow crystalline substance which is insoluble in water. Insoluble drugs have poor bio-availability and they may precipitate when given via an intravenous administration. However, there is a relatively simple solubilizing approach that can be used in…

Persuasive essay in the style of The Daily Mail convincing readers that vivisection is not necessary to advance medically. One of the biggest issues surrounding medical research can be found in the methods used to obtain this information. A recent study revealed that Oxford University has killed over 200,000 animals so far and 4.12 million tests are carried out every year in total. This is more than just a staggering number; it is representative of the naivety of research centres, the…

Silent Pain Imagine being treated very poorly, imagine having a nozzle put over your mouth, and imagine being locked in a cold barren cage, where you are forcibly dragged along with a rope around your neck and pushed down. You can either face death or replicate the dreadful steps of cosmetic testing. Many chemicals and products are forced into your airways. While aching with loneliness, you have to wait for the next painful procedure. You do not get the opportunity to say no, get up and leave,…

There are two main types of side effects associated with the use of Hydralazine. These are an extended influence of the drug’s pharmacologic effect, where these is headache, flushing, hypotension, nausea, tachycardia, dizziness, palpitation and angina pectoris, and can also cause salt retention in congestive heart failure (Arce et al. 2006).these adverse effects can be described even within the therapeutic range, conversely patients may withstand up to 800mg or more daily. Hydralazine poisonings…

Toxicity greatly increases when fentanyl is laced with heroin. Fentanyl is becoming the new killer in the opioid family of drugs. Fentanyl is frequently and purposefully mislabeled as heroin, putting users at even greater risk than if they were ‘just’ receiving…

administered medicinal products, these interaction may be synergistic or antogon istic pharmco kinetics or pharmaco dynamics, drug interactions exists between drugs anddrugs, drug and foods, drugs and herbs, benefits effects include convenience . Reduced toxicity and reduction. ANTIHISTIMINE, ANTIHISTIMINE, ASTHMA, ANALAGESIC, TYPHOID, HYPERTENSION, TUBERCULOSIS ANTIBIOTICS, FILARIA, RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS, ANTIPYRITIC, ANTICANCER IMMUNOLOGICAL DISEASES, ECTOPIC PREGNANCY, FEVER, OSTEOARTHRITIS…

atrial fibrillation was 63% in dronaderone group and 42% in amiodarone group. Dronaderone was associated with adverse effects such as bradycardia, QTc prolongation, and cutaneous rash. But no evidence was seen for the hepatic, pulmonary or thyroid toxicity with dronaderone compared to amiodarone. Dronaderone was less efficacious and safer in adverse effects profile compared to…

the opposing side that people should not use animal for testing. One of the first reason that we should not use animal for testing because testing on animals cannot completely generate all the toxicity from medicine. Traditionally, scientists have been using animal as an experiment model for testing toxicity for drugs, pesticides, food activities and cosmetics. Because of that, for…