Total dissolved solids

Question 1: pH can be described as a measure of acidity or basicity (Alkalinity) of a solution. It is exactly equal in amount to the negative log of the concentration of hydronium(H3O+) ions. Due to the negative log relationship, increased hydronium ions transform to lower pH. When we add it to water, an acid releases hydrogen ion. Hydrogen ions in water unite with the water molecules to form hydronium ions, thereby lowering the pH and increasing the acidity of water. Water exposed to air is…

to preserve the balance of our ecosystem. Thus, good quality water is necessary for our survival. Chemical & biological composition are two criteria for evaluating water quality. Water hardness can be defined by the presence of divalent cations dissolved in a water sample. The divalent cations usually present are Ca2+ & Mg2+ and these cations bestow chemical properties to water. Thus, hard water will have increased concentration of divalent cations when compared to soft water. Ca2+ & Mg2+ are…

plant varied from 15.9°C in January 2016 to 29.7°C in August 2015, respectively. The minimum and maximum dissolved oxygen values of Ezbet El Moraba well water treatment plant ranged from 6.32 mg/L in May 2015 to 9.41 mg/L in December 2015, while in Al Manshyia well water treatment plant varied from 2.36 mg/L in July 2015 to 7.48 mg/L in February 2016, respectively. The mean values of dissolved oxygen of Ezbet El Moraba and Al Manshyia well water treatment plants were 7.58 mg/L and 4.98 mg/L,…

5g of starch was dissolved in 200 ml of distilled water then the components were heated to 95 oC and mixed until complete homogeneous for 30 min. A weight of glycerol equal to 25% of the original starch was added and the solution was kept hot with mechanical stirring for 10…

on a hot plate for 5 minutes at room temperature. After mixing, the boric oxide/acetylacetone mixture was then added to the tributyl borate mixture using a spatula. The reaction mixture was stirred for 5 minutes to ensure all solids in the conical flask have been dissolved. After which, one drop of butylamine…

confirmation of 4 distinct peaks, reflecting the 4 distinct types of hydrogen. The area represented by the 4 peaks was 10, which confirmed the empirical formula of C5H10O. The figure shows the areas at the top of each peak and this reflects the total hydrogen atoms that are responsible for producing the signal. The 2 peaks shown at d 2.4 and d 2.1 relate to the hydrogens on the carbon adjacent to the carbonyl with absorption in the range d 2 and d 3. The other 2 signals at d 0.9 and d 1.61…

are also added. Sometimes artificial colourings and flavorings are also added to bring out different flavours. The ingredients mixed properly are stirred well for incorporating air and to prevent ice crystals, thus forming smoothly textured semi solid foam which can shaped into different shapes. There are different types of frozen desserts that comes under the term ice cream like Dairy ice cream, Gelato,…

was 1 cm above the silica gel. The collected solvent was a yellow color and therefore not reused. The annatto extract in the 50mL round bottom flask was dissolved in 10% ethanol in DCM (2 mL). The annatto extract was then concentrated by repeatedly pipetting the solution until all of the extract was completely dissolved and concentrated. The dissolved extract was then gently added in a circular motion on the wall of the column and became a dark red band on top of the silica gel. The stopcock was…

mL of table sugar aqueous solution to three of the nine containers, three to the dextrose aqueous solution, and three to the control aqueous solution. After, adding the solutions to the nine containers, they were then placed in a shaded area. The total conduction of the experiment lasted six days. The hypothesis we presented was that the radicle length for the seeds, which were germinating in the dextrose aqueous solution would have an increase in radicle length because…

Flow batteries have been around since the 1970’s this technological advance in the field of energy storage and acts as a fuel cell which can provide a new and efficient energy supply. One of the biggest advantages of flow batteries is that they can practically in an instance recharge just by replacing the electrolyte liquid,while this happens it is recovering the spent materials for recharge. Several different flow batteries have been developed, including Redox, Hybrid and, Membraneless. The…