Toluene

Purpose In this experiment, volumetric glassware was used in order to determine the density of an unknown liquid. Additionally, the opposite process was used to determine the calibration of a piece of glassware using a known density. In the first activity, “Density of Liquids”, the identity of a liquid was determined by calculating its density (g/mL). First the mass (g) of a specific volume (mL) of water and the unknown liquid was found. Their densities (g/mL) were then calculated by dividing…

According to the United States Environmental Protection Agency, hydraulic fracturing or fracking is a “well stimulation process used to maximize the extraction of underground resources.” The resource most commonly extracted using hydraulic fracturing is natural gas. The practice of hydraulic fracturing is highly controversial as proponents and opponents debate its environmental benefits and costs. To begin, the use of hydraulic fracturing has greatly increased in the twenty-first century. The…

It is evident that oxygen, an odorless and colorless reactive gas, serves as an essential component of life. Aside from the commonly heard gaseous necessities, natural gas has also proven to equally and indirectly impact daily activities. It is comprised of numerous hydrogen and carbon containing compounds. Commonly referred to as methane, ethane, propane etc., natural gas is utilized during regular household tasks such as dinner preparation through means of a stovetop. Although little attention…

We all have heard of the atomic bomb, but we never experienced what would happen when detonated. Would we survive or would we all face a deadly fate? The atomic bomb is the most deadly weapon in the world. Many countries have atomic and nuclear bombs. Including China, France, Israel, Russia, United Kingdom, and the United States. Nuclear weapons are spreading to other nations and international relations are becoming increasingly violate. In my work I will discuss the history of the bomb, from…

Natural gas is a much needed and demanded resource both locally and internationally. Considerable controversy has risen concerning the methods used for extracting natural gas through the process of hydraulic fracturing. As with any oil and gas operations, there are environmental risks associated with natural gas production. Hydraulic fracturing is a mining or drilling technique used to break up rock underground to create easier access to resources. This process is common in oil drilling and…

A Chinese pharmacist named Hon Lik, created E-cigarettes in 2003 (Grana et al. 6). E-cigarettes use a liquid in its chamber that uses a battery to create a spark that combusts inside the barrel to create smoke (Grana et al. 6). Many consumers that use e-cigarettes are using them as a way to end their smoking habits of tobacco products (Franck et al. 1945). E-cigarettes seem to be a growing trend in use among people that are trying to quit smoking. Therefore, e-cigarette companies are trying to…

CHEMISTRY Dr. Reddy’s was one of the first among the pharmaceutical companies to adopt green chemistry and also actively promote its adoption in the industry. Initiatives Impact Use of green solvents during synthesis such as water, methanol, ethanol, toluene and IPA Elimination of volatile solvents in the development of several APIs Replacement of resolution process with enzymatic disymmetrization Minimizing waste generation Reactions performed in moderate conditions Minimizing energy…

effects” (par. 5) because of some of the chemicals released in the 3D printing process. In a controlled laboratory setting, there were traces of toxic chemicals “acetone, n-butane, 2-butanone, 1,4-dioxane, ethanol, isopropyl, alcohol (2-propanol) and toluene, (par. 16) which can have negative effects on the body if inhaled. This study is one of the first to be conducted relating 3D printing to air quality and it could be a deal breaker for some consumers, especially ones with small children or…

1. Materials and suppliers • Caffeine (anhydrous), BASF, Germany, was generously donated by Dar Al Dawa Development and Investment Company. Caffeine is 1,3,7-trimethyl-3,7-dihydro-1H-purine-2,6-dione. It is white or almost white, crystalline powder or silky crystals. It is sparingly soluble in water, freely soluble in boiling water and slightly soluble in ethanol. It is used as central nervous system stimulant (British Pharmacopoeia 2009). • Methyl paraben was generously donated by Arab…

ingredients of everyday hazardous materials. Arsenic, one of the best known deadly substances, is a base ingredient in most household rat poisons. Methanol is the most important base substance in jet fuel. Other chemicals include benzene (used in rubber), toluene (used to make paints), and lead. These chemicals all have a unique effect on the human body and change the body in a different way when ingested. Arsenic for example takes a different amount of time to enter the blood stream depending…