Thyroid

excess concentrations of active thyroid hormones circulating in the bloodstream. The two thyroid homes that are being overproduced are thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3) which are used to help control the overall metabolism of the body. When a cat has an overactive thyroid gland the hormones will be released regardless of the anterior pituitary’s release of TSH or thyroid stimulating hormone which is due to an error in the negative feedback system. These thyroid hormones are formed…

When a person has three thyroid nodules present, they are usually recommended to have a Fine Needle Aspiration (FNA) with a guided ultrasound. Once the sample is collected and sent for testing a cytotechnologist and then a pathologist will interrupt the results. When I was doing my clinical rotations for my certificate in cytology I was told that thyroid FNAs were considered our “bread and butter”. Now, I didn’t realize what that meant at that time in my career, I just thought okay, this…

Cretinism: also known as congenital hypothyroidism effects about 1 in 4000 babies. Cretinism is a situation induced by an insufficiency of thyroid hormone at birth and during minority, as a ensue of abnormal evolution of the thyroid gland. The thyroid gland becomes unbalanced or defective often due to an iodine imperfection. If untreated, can result in mild to severe impairment of both physical and mental growth and development. Cretinism can also cause mental deterioration, swelling of the…

Hypothyroidism The thyroid is a gland found in the neck. As a part of the endocrine system, it is located below the Adam's apple. The purpose of the thyroid gland is to produce different hormones which are a key part in the proper function of the brain, heart, and liver. The thyroid also helps in maintaining a healthy metabolism. According to the American Thyroid Association, more than 20 million Americans have some sort of thyroid disorder. Close to sixty percent of those diagnosed were…

Thyroxine is an iodine-containing, thyroid hormone produced by the thyroid gland. Along with thyroxine, triiodothyronine is also produced in the thyroid gland. Thyroxine usually is converted into triiodothyronine by enzymes in target cells called deiodinases. Concentrations of thyroxine are usually greater in the body, but triiodothyronine is considered the major thyroid hormone. Thyroxine production is controlled by the pituitary gland. The hypothalamus will secrete thyrotropin-releasing…

1. The thyroid gland secretes thyroxine also known as T4 which maintains metabolic rate of all cells and processes of cell growth and tissue differentiation. 2. Calitonin is secreted by the thyroid gland and maintains calcium and phosphorus blood levels by inhibiting the transfer of calcium from bone to blood, increases calcium storage in bone, and increases renal exertion of calcium and phosphorus. 3. The parathyroid gland secretes parathyroid hormone or parahormone which regulates calcium…

triiodothyronine, T3, T4 is a hormone from the thyroid gland that increases metabolic rates. So this hormone is…

Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis is defined as an autoimmune disease (Bishay, 2016). The lymphocytes of the body attack the thyroid and affect the functioning of it. This is a life altering disease that can cause disastrous consequences to the Hashimoto’s patient (Kırmızıbekmez, 2014). This is a disease which affects body’s functionality, energy, sleeping, fatigue, metabolism and much more (Bishay, 2016). Hashimoto’s takes a toll on its victims and often they can fall into depressed and discouraged…

THYROID GLAND:The thyroid gland, located inside the neck, takes iodine from foods and converts it into thyroid hormones. CIRCULATORY SYSTEM: ANTERIOR VENA CAVA: The anterior vena cava drains the body of blood cranially to the heart. POSTERIOR VENA CAVA: The posterior vena cava drains the body of blood caudal to the heart. JUGULAR VEIN: The jugular vein is a group of veins that drain the structures lying in the cranial cavity of blood, until they unite with the subclavian vein. CEPHALIC:Large…

elevated thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) levels with free thyroxine concentrations within the reference range, is a very common disorder that increases with age and affects up to 18% of the elderly, with a higher prevalence in women compared to men (Baumgartner, 2014). Subclinical hypothyroidism is often diagnosed when thyroid tests are ordered for non-specific symptoms such as depression, weight gain, or fatigue. FNP should decide if the patient’s symptoms are caused by a relative thyroid…