Thyroid hormone

Trust, love, calmness, connectedness, and attitude are expressions that are allied with oxytocin. But how are these terms associated with a single hormone? Remarkably, it does outstanding work in our body and brain. Oxytocin affects us mentally and physically, but oxytocin is also a great life facilitator in the way it influences us. Oxytocin is most noteworthy for milk ejection and labor contraction. For women, oxytocin is a lifesaver, because it is accountable for formulating a female’s body…

production of the calcium-sensing receptor protein (CaSR). CaSR helps to regulate the amount of calcium in the body, by controlling the production of the parathyroid hormone. The calcium molecules bind to the CaSR and this activates the receptor. The activated receptor sends signals to block the production and release of the parathyroid hormone. A mutation here allows only abnormally high concentrations…

Lipstick and Lead Poisoning Throughout history many unhealthy substances, including lead, have been used as ingredients during the various times in the history of makeup. Modern day cosmetics are more controlled, regulated and their ingredients and the potential side effects are more fully understood. However, recent research by the Campaign for Safe Cosmetics and the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) indicate that there are approximately 400+ best-selling lipsticks on the market today that…

The Endocrine system is a complex mechanism of glands that secrete hormones that control almost every cell, organ, and function in each of our bodies. This system is directly responsible for regulating “metabolism, growth and development, tissue function, sexual function, reproduction, sleep, and mood”. (Zimmermann, 2016) EDC’s or Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals are environmental toxins that trigger “biochemical processes that alter development pathways” thus interfering with hormonal dispersal…

The hormone cortisol is a very important hormone for regular function in humans and many other animals. Cortisol is a steroid hormone (a derivative of cholesterol).1 It is produced in the adrenal glands of the kidneys2 and is especially important when an individual faces a stressor.3 Unusually high or low concentrations of cortisol will almost certainly have an adverse effect on regular human function. In healthy humans, cortisol is at its highest concentration when an individual…

Hans Zellweger, a Swiss American professor of pediatrics and genetics at the University of Iowa in the mid-1960s described the familial disorder among siblings that was later named after him for the recognition of his discovery, the Zellweger Syndrome. Peroxisomes are cell structures that break down toxic substances and synthesize lipids (fatty acids, oils, and waxes) that are needed for cell function. Peroxisomes are what is needed for normal brain development and its function and it’s what…

The hormone I chose to research is called Serotonin. It was first discovered by Vittorio Erspamer in Rome in 1935. American scientists then verified all of the findings in the late 1940’s. In 1948, Serotonin was named and isolated by Maurice M. Rapport, Arda Green, and Irvine Page. Serotonin is produced in the Pineal gland in the brain and also in the intestines. Majority of the body’s Serotonin is found, and has a key role, in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. This hormone is also found in…

is an abnormal fluid-filled sac in the upper part of the neck. It forms before birth (congenital), during the development of the thyroid gland. This gland begins as a small group of cells at the very back of the base of your tongue. As these cells grow to form your thyroid gland, they begin to move down your neck through a canal called the thyroglossal duct. The thyroid gland moves down the thyroglossal duct until it arrives in its final place low in the neck, just above your breast bone. The…

Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) belongs to the Old World arenavirus family of enveloped viruses (Buchmeier et al., 2007). LCMV in particular has served as model organism from many significant studies in the field of immunology such as the Nobel Prize winning study of the Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) by Zinkernagel and Doherty (1975). LCMV’s natural reservoirs are the common household rodents (Traub, 1936). Household mice have shown to attain persistent asymptomatic LCMV…

Glucocorticoids are steroid hormones which are produced predominantly in response to stress in the adrenal gland (Davis & Sandman 2010; Korgun et al. 2012). The physiological effects of glucocorticoids occur when the hormone are bind to, and mediated by the glucocorticoid receptor (Erhuma 2012). It plays a wide range of vital physiological roles that are necessary for healthy implantation and pregnancy processes (Korgun et al. 2012). As glucocorticoids are critical in the regulation of the…