Thorax

Vertebrates also show behavioral signs when pain is induced, including facial contortions, writhing, moaning, forms of calling, and moaning in attempts to avoid that specific source of pain or attract attention in order to receive help. According to The New England Anti-Vivisection Society, The Animal Welfare Act (AWA) is the only U.S federal law that covers animals in research. This law regulates the use of vertebrates in research as well as their care, testing, exhibition, teaching, and…

It’s been a long day at work, and you’re hungry and tired. You are contemplating whether to wait until you get home and cook your own meal or simply go through a drive-thru effortlessly. On your way home you notice the golden arches. It is McDonald’s, the most recognizable fast food restaurant there is. Now you are excited to satisfy your stomach which has been growling all day. The best part of all is that it is dirt cheap. A double cheeseburger for less than two dollars no one can beat that.…

Prosthetic aortic valve endocarditis without evidence of vegetation Introduction The modified Duke criteria for the diagnosis of infective endocarditis (IE) include three major and five minor criteria. One of the major criteria is evidence of structural findings on echocardiography such as an oscillating intracardiac mass, abscess or partial dehiscence of a prosthetic valve (1-2). Less common echocardiographic findings of IE include pseudoaneurysm, fistula, or valve perforation. The American…

to identify a criminal, Lombroso focused mainly on the mental and physical characteristics for example the deviation in head size, asymmetry of the face, eye defects and peculiarities, nose twisted, upturned or flattened in thieves, defects of the thorax and imbalance of the hemispheres of the brain etc. (Newburn, 2013). Lombroso’s entire theory was based around the simple belief that ‘Criminals were born, not made. Lombroso’s theory had many major weaknesses for examples, he paid little heed to…

The heart is a complex organ that we need in order to pump blood to our body. The cardiac cycle and blood pressure (BP) are two things that greatly affect how our body can function. Both are a part of the circulatory system. There are many diseases that can affect the cardiac cycle and the BP. These diseases can affect our circulatory system, lungs, and our heart’s ability to function properly. When the cardiac cycle and BP are affected then the body is in danger of being greatly damaged. The…

dioxide is released. This process produces energy which is essential to an organism for survival. Group 1 – Insects The definition of an insect is any of a group of small and often winged animals that have six jointed legs and a body formed of a head, thorax, and abdomen. Insects use the Tracheal system for gas exchange. The spiracles are openings of small tubes running along the inside of the insect 's body. The larger tubes branching off the…

1. Mr. Hayato was diagnosed with emphysema more than 10 years ago. Define emphysema and explain its underlying pathophysiology. Emphysema is a lung condition that is "characterized by the breakdown of the lungs' elastic structure and destruction of the walls of the bronchioles and aveoli." This condition breaks down the elastic structure of the surface area that is involved in respiration. Emphysema is associated with "abnormal levels of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the blood," which would…

abdomen, hands, feet and other parts of their body. There are two types of pain acute pain and chronic pain. (17) Acute pain is the most common pain. (17) Acute pain is more severe and painful than chronic pain. (17) This can occur in the stomach, thorax, back and the pain can last from a minimum 15 minutes to hours or weeks. (17) The most intense form of acute pain would probably be the Vaso-occlusion. This occurs in episodes or patterns and some individuals might only have some of it, others…

PFT with asthma patients • Why do we need to use PFT with asthma patients? Pretto, J., et.al. (2013). Reasons for Referral for Pulmonary Function Testing: An Audit of 4 Adult Lung Function Laboratories. Respir Care. 58(3). Pp 507–510. This article emphasizes the importance of the use of PFTs as a tool to evaluate the diagnosis and management of the most respiratory conditions. This study was used to determine the underlying reasons for referring the patient for PFTs. It was observed that the…

It is stupefying to imagine how many diseases actually exist in our small section of the universe. It’s even more stupefying to understand how many diseases can take place in each of our body systems. The possibilities are remarkably infinite. Two of a never-ending amount of diseases that could end up creeping their way into a victim’s body are fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva and aphasia. Fibrodysplasia ossifcans progressiva (FOP) is a skeletal system disease in which muscle tissue and…