Thoracic duct

(2010) about using thoracic manipulation for the treatment of neck pain was very new to me. There were several instances in the past where I treated patients with neck pain by giving mobilizations techniques and modalities in and around cervical area. This article was a convincing one which helped me to understand the concept of biomechanical and etiological relationship between cervical and thoracic structures and how this knowledge can be capitalized by effectively using thoracic…

Understanding the anatomical map of structures such as the phrenic nerve is vital for medical treatments. G.S. Muller Botha mapped the phrenic nerve and described her findings in The Anatomy of the Phrenic Nerve Termination and the Motor Innervation of the Diaphragm. Sleep apnea is a common disorder caused by under stimulation of the diaphragm from the phrenic nerve, O. Oldenburg and team described alternative treatments for the apnea in Effects of unilateral phrenic nerve stimulation on tidal…

11/13/15. Constant use of Opioids since < 6 months. The average pain level is 6/10 with 5/10-scale level at it’s best and 10/10-scale level at it’s worst. Medication coverage: fair with breakthrough pain. The physical exam of the cervical spine and thoracic spine showed normal ROM and revealed no muscle tenderness. Lumbar spine: there were trigger points at the…

This is a 62-year-old male with a 11/30/2015 date of injury. IW's foot caught the curb of a step, and he fell approximately 10 feet down the concrete stairs. DIAGNOSIS: status post mechanical fall -rib fractures and knee contusion. 12/30/15 Progress Report documented that the patient reported stomach upset due to Norco. There are fractures of the right 6th, 7th and 8th ribs, where he still has pain with respiration. Since the injury, he has experienced significant pain in the left knee,…

On 3/26/18 I met Ms. Black at the office of Dr. Sardelli. She reports that her shoulder is still painful; she cannot fully extend her elbow or rotate from side to side. She reports pain to the inner aspect of the elbow. Her 4th and 5th fingers cannot open fully or close fully. There continues to be a pain in the inner elbow. She is still working with the hand therapist. Dr. Sardelli said that while she was in the hospital he did do a manipulation under sedation of the right shoulder. Today he…

This is an 80-year-old female with 01/14/2003 date of injury, who injured her low back and right hip when she fell out of a chair while reaching for a chart DIAGNOSIS: Chronic low back pain with bilateral radiculitis, degenerative disc, status post laminectomy 12/23/15 Progress Report documented that the patient continues to have pain in her lower back and bilateral hip, which radiates down to the foot. There is also radiating pain to the left side of the neck. The lower back and hip pain are…

REPORT SURGERY CORE CLINICAL CLERKSHIP Introduction Pancreatic cancer remains a highly lethal malignancy due to its clinically silent nature. Patients most often present with jaundice due to compression of the common bile duct, pain that develops insidiously and weight loss. Treatment is accomplished surgically; however, only 15-20 percent of patients are candidates for surgery and 5-year survival post surgery is only 25-30 percent in node-negative and 10 percent in…

Introduction. The breast, also known as the mammary or modified sweat gland, is an organ located on both sides of the anterior thoracic region and for purpose of reference, referred to as the right and left breast. It is usually rudimentary in males, but in females, its enlargement could span between the second and sixth rib where it serves as the organ for lactation (Moore et al. 2013; Standring ed. 2015). Though the breast is seen as an organ on the anterior chest wall, a small proportion of…

Alveoli is the tertiary bronchi further branch to form small tubes that are called bronchioles. It contains alveolar ducts, which end in alveolar sacs and alveoli is a bud from the respiratory bronchioles, alveolar ducts, and alveolar sacs. Type I is a squamous alveolar cell that function to do gas exchange, type II is a great alveolar cell because it keeps the alveoli from collapsing by secreting surfactant which reduces…

recessive autosomal malformation, which is characterized by the viscera’s transposition which may be thoracic, abdominal or both (1, 2). Worldwide prevalence of this anomaly varies from 0.04% to 0.30% (3). Situs inversus is divided into two types: situs inversus partialis, which involves the thoracic organs (dextrocardia) or abdominal viscera, and situs inversus totalis, which involves both the thoracic organs and abdominal viscera (4). Though situs inversus on its own is not pathological, it…